Studies on Water Transport through the Sweet Cherry Fruit Surface: V. Conductance for Water Uptake

Beyer, Marco; Knoche, Moritz

doi:10.21273/jashs.127.3.325

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, the permeability of cuticular membranes decreased with increasing concentrations of Fe-chelates, leading to the suggestion that Fe-chelates themselves may somehow reduce the size of aqueous pores. A reduction of the water conductance through fruit cuticles after Fe-treatments was also reported by Beyer et al (2002) and Weichert et al (2004). It has been suggested that 100% relative humidity (RH) would be required for a significant cuticular penetration of Fe-chelates, and that addition of hygroscopic humectants would favor foliar uptake (Schö nherr et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Mechanisms acting during the process of plant cuticular penetration of Fe-compounds include interactions of a variable nature (e.g., electrochemical or osmotic), which may induce the clogging of hydrophilic pathways (Beyer et al 2002;Weichert et al 2004), as supported by the relatively lower penetration rate of more concentrated versus more diluted Fe-containing solutions (Ferná ndez 2004;Schö nherr et al 2005). Consequently, all Fe-compounds were applied in this study at a relatively low concentration (i.e., 2 mM Fe), in contrast to most published Fe spray trials .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foliar Iron Fertilization of Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): Effects of Iron Compounds, Surfactants and Other Adjuvants

et al. 2006

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Experiments to assess the capability of different combinations of iron (Fe) compounds and adjuvants to provide Fe via foliar application to Fe-deficient plants have been carried out. A total of 80 formulations containing (1) one of five Fe-compounds [FeSO 4 Á7H 2 O, Fe(III)-citrate, Fe(III)-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Fe(III)-Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), Fe(III)-Iminodisuccinic acid (IDHA)], (2) a surfactant (Mistol, alkyl-polyglucoside1 or alkyl-polyglucoside2), and (3) an adjuvant (glycerol, methanol or glycine-betaine) were studied with respect to leaf wetting ability and surface tension. From the initial formulations only 26 resulted in adequate leaf wetting, 20 with alkylpolyglucoside2 and 3 each with Mistol and alkyl-polyglucoside1, and some of them (four with alkyl-polyglucoside2, one with Mistol, and three with alkyl-polyglucoside1) were found to have inadequate surface tension values for use as foliar fertilizers. In a second experiment, 20 formulations containing alkyl-polyglucoside2 and one each of the five Fe-compounds and adjuvants listed above, were used for a foliar experiment with Fe-deficient peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] grown under field conditions. Iron-deficient shoots were sprayed only once and leaf re-greening was assessed over 6 weeks for leaf chlorophyll content (via SPAD measurements) and percentage of green leaf area (via image analysis). Foliar Fe application always resulted in leaf Chl increases, although different degrees of re-greening were observed for the various Fe-compounds tested. Best results were obtained after treatment with formulations containing (in a decreasing order): Fe(II)-sulfate, Fe(III)-citrate, Fe(III)-EDTA, Fe(III)-IDHA, and Fe(III)-DTPA. A positive effect of adding glycerol, methanol or glycinebetaine was often observed, although the effect depended on each Fe-containing compound, indicating the existence of significant interactions between spray components. Results are of importance while trying to critically evaluate the potential of Fe sprays as a viable strategy to remedy plant Fe deficiency under field conditions.

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confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Iron Fertilization of Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): Effects of Iron Compounds, Surfactants and Other Adjuvants

et al. 2006

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“…WATER PERMEABILITY OF EXOCARP SEGMENTS. Effects of microcracks on the osmotic water permeability coeffi cient (P f ) were determined using the procedure established previously (Beyer and Knoche, 2002). The P f is also referred to as fi ltration permeability or osmotic water permeability P os (House 1974;Schönherr, 1982) or conductance for water uptake g uptake (Beyer and Knoche, 2002).…”

Section: Monitoring Microcracks In Developing Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of microcracks may be an early event in macroscopic fruit cracking, since 1) the CM is the rate limiting barrier to water transport across the fruit surface (Beyer and Knoche, 2002;Knoche et al, 2000) and water uptake was increased in fruit having microcracks (Glenn and Poovaiah, 1989), and 2) macroscopic cracks were reported to develop along microcracks and progress along their length (Glenn and Poovaiah, 1989).…”

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Characterization of Microcracks in the Cuticle of Developing Sweet Cherry Fruit

Peschel¹,

Knoche²

2005

jashs

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Frequency and distribution of microcracks in the cuticular membrane (CM) were monitored in cheek, suture, pedicel cavity and stylar regions of developing sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit using fluorescence microscopy following infiltration with a fluorescence tracer (1 to 2 min in 0.1% w/v acridine orange containing 50 mm citric acid and 0.1% Silwet L-77, pH 6.5). These microcracks were limited to the cuticle, did not extend into the pericarp and were only detected by microscopy. Fruit mass and surface area increased in a sigmoidal pattern with time between 16 days after full bloom (DAFB) and maturity. The increase in frequency of fruit with microcracks paralleled the increase in fruit mass. During early development (up to 43 DAFB) the CM of `Sam' fruit remained intact. However, by 57 DAFB essentially all `Sam' fruit had microcracks in the pedicel cavity and ≈25% in the suture region with little change thereafter. At maturity percentage of `Sam' fruit with microcracks in cheek, suture, pedicel cavity and stylar end region averaged 23%, 25%, 100%, and 63%, respectively. Similar data were obtained for `Hedelfinger' (70% and 100% for cheek and pedicel cavity, respectively), `Kordia' (80% and 100%) and `Van' (100% and 100%). Generally, microcracks were most severe in pedicel cavity and stylar end region. Most of the first detectable microcracks formed above periclinal walls of epidermal cells perpendicular to their longest axis (72% and 92% in cheek and stylar regions, respectively). The other microcracks formed above the anticlinal walls were mostly oriented in the direction of the underlying cell wall. There was no difference in projected surface area, length/width ratio or orientation among epidermal cells below, adjacent to or distant from the first detectable microcracks in the CM. However, as length of microcracks increased the projected surface area of cells underlying cracks increased suggesting strain induced upon cracking of the CM. Permeability of excised exocarp segments in osmotic water uptake was positively correlated with number of stomata and number of microcracks in the CM. From our results we suggest that strain of the epidermal system during stage III of fruit growth is a factor in “microcracking” of the CM that may predispose fruit to subsequent rain-induced cracking.

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“…Approved field application rates were: Decis EC 2.5 (containing 25 g l -1 deltamethrin) 200 ml ha -1 , Talstar 8 SC (containing 80 g l -1 bifenthrin) 125 ml ha -1 , Reldan 22 (containing 225 g l -1 chlorpyrifos-methyl) 1500 ml ha -1 . (Beyer & Knoche 2002). The effect of storage duration on LC 50 values was studied by testing whether the slope of a plot of log(LC 50 ) versus time differed significantly from 0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A note on the insecticide sensitivity status of Meligethes species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Luxembourg

et al. 2011

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Adult pollen beetles, Meligethes spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), were sampled from 27 and 35 oilseed rape (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera) fields scattered over Luxembourg in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Ten well-developed and active individuals from each field were transferred into 40-ml glass vials (4 replicates) with their interior surface being coated with the pyrethroid deltamethrin at rates corresponding to 0%, 0.8%, 4%, 20%, 100%, or 500% of the recommended field application rate. The percentage of dead insects was recorded at 0 h, 1 h, 5 h, and 24 h, and increased with time to a maximum. The application rate required to obtain a mortality of 50% (LC 50 ) after 24 h of exposure was estimated by logistic regression models. The overall median LC 50 calculated for all locations and years was 1.15 ± 0.29% of the field rate. The median LC 50 for 2008 was 0.79 ± 0.40% of the field rate and 1.80 ± 0.40% in 2009. In 2008, no population with an LC 50 below the overall median LC 50 was found in the north-eastern part of the country, whereas an approximately homogeneous spatial distribution of populations with LC 50 s below the overall median was found in 2009, suggesting a spread of less sensitive Meligethes spp. from southwest to northeast within the period of observation. Pollen beetles from four locations were additionally tested for their sensitivity towards bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl. The period of time until 50% of the individuals were affected (LT 50 ) decreased exponentially with rate and differed significantly among insecticides (P = 0.005), but not among locations (P = 0.753). The average LT 50 at 4% of the field rate was 9.3 ± 2.2 h, 5.4 ± 0.3 h, and 2.9 ± 0.1 h for deltamethrin, bifenthrin, and the organophosphate chlorpyrifos-methyl, respectively.

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Studies on Water Transport through the Sweet Cherry Fruit Surface: V. Conductance for Water Uptake

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Foliar Iron Fertilization of Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): Effects of Iron Compounds, Surfactants and Other Adjuvants

Foliar Iron Fertilization of Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): Effects of Iron Compounds, Surfactants and Other Adjuvants

Characterization of Microcracks in the Cuticle of Developing Sweet Cherry Fruit

A note on the insecticide sensitivity status of Meligethes species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Luxembourg

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