Studies to Determine the Vectors of Monkey Malaria in Malaya

Plasmodium knowlesi and Wuchereria bancrofti: Their Vectors and Challenges for the Future

“…The mosquitoes incriminated as vectors belong to the Leucosphyrus group (Wharton et al, 1964) and it was noted that simian malaria parasites developed poorly in the subgenus Anopheles . In India, A. elegans now known as A. mirans (Sallum et al, 2005b; also a member of leucosphyrus gr) was incriminated as vector for simian malaria P. cynomolgi and P. inui (Choudhury et al, 1963).…”

“…The first simian malaria vector to be incriminated was A. hackeri and five species of plasmodia were isolated namely P. knowlesi , P. coatneyi , P. cynomolgi , P. fieldi , and P. inui (Wharton et al, 1964). A. hackeri was found mainly in the coastal area and was not attracted to humans.…”

“…Within the Leucosphyrus complex, A. latens was incriminated as vector of P. inui in the hill-forest feeding mostly at the canopy level (Wharton et al, 1964). A. introlatus was incriminated as vector for P. cynomolgi and P. fieldi and it rarely feeds on man (Wharton et al, 1964).…”

Sampling Adults by Animal Bait Catches and by Animal-Baited Traps

“…In later trials as many as 45 culicine and 18 Anopheles species were caught in monkey-baited bed-nets (Wharton et al, 1964). Also in Malaysia Reid (1961) compared the mosquitoes attracted by two men, a calf and two goats enclosed in lO-ft long, 7-ft high and 7-ft wide nets which had a 3-ft wide entrance in each long side which could be closed by a flap.…”

“…In studies on vectors of simian malaria in Malaysia, mosquitoes were caught in nets baited with monkeys (Wharton et al, 1963(Wharton et al, , 1964. The technique involved enclosing monkeys (Macaca irus) in a small cage covered with chicken wire, which did not prevent the mosquitoes from feeding on them (Fig.…”