Studies upon Calcification <i>in vitro</i>

Shipley, P. G.; Krämer, Benjamin; Howland, John

doi:10.1042/bj0200379

Cited by 103 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…An interesting note on "liquid crystals of calcium phosphate" was published in 1922 [165]; in fact, the author prepared MCPM. The first paper on in vitro mineralization using aqueous solutions containing ions of calcium and orthophosphate was published in 1926 [166], followed by publications of 1932 [167] and 1933 [168]. These studies might be considered as predecessors of current mineralization investigations using simulating body fluid (SBF) and other artificial simulating solutions.…”

Section: From 1900 Till 1950mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Calcium Phosphates in Regenerative Medicine

Dorozhkin¹

2014

Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering

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The historical development of a scientific knowledge on calcium orthophosphates from the 1770s until 1950 is described. The chosen time scale starts with the earliest available studies of the 1770s (to the best of my findings, calcium orthophosphates had been unknown before), passes through the entire nineteenth century, and finishes in 1950, because since then the amount of publications on calcium orthophosphates rapidly increased and the subject became too broad. In addition, since publications of the second half of the twentieth century are easily accessible, the substantial amount of them has been already reviewed by other scientists. Many forgotten and poorly known historical facts and approaches have been extracted from the old publications. Then they have been analyzed, systematized, and reconsidered from the modern point of view. The reported historical findings clearly demonstrate that many famous scientists of the past contributed to calcium orthophosphate investigations. Furthermore, the significant quantity of the scientific facts and experimental approaches appears to have been known for very many decades, and, in fact, a good deal of the relatively recent investigations on the subject is just either a further development of the earlier studies or a rediscovery of the already forgotten knowledge. Keywords

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Section: From 1900 Till 1950mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Calcium Phosphates in Regenerative Medicine

Dorozhkin¹

2014

Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering

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“…These findings would suggest that a certain state has to be attained in the body before vitamin action begins; this state is more rapidly developed with normal ratio diets, or greater dosage of vitamin D. This suggestion is reminiscent of the work of Kramer et al [1931] who found an increase in the blood Ca x P-before vitamin D had actually begun to act on the epiphyses, though it has been pointed out [Reed, Struck & Steck, 1939] that the blood changes in rickets are inconstant and not a reliable guide to the metabolic changes. From a consideration of the literature it would appear very probable, however, that this state which precedes the onset of the healing process is some kind of mobilization of Ca and P. As is well known, Robison & Soames [1924] and Shipley, Kramer & Howland [1926] Nicolaysen & Jansen [1939] have found that high Ca low P rickets could be healed by the administration of phosphate.…”

Section: Vitamin D and The Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

The action of vitamin d upon the incisor teeth of rats consuming diets with a high or low ca:p ratio

Irving¹

1944

The Journal of Physiology

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Vitamin D is one of the factors essential for the proper formation of teeth, and in its absence the same changes are seen that occur in lack of Ca and P. The constantly developing incisor tooth of the rat is a very convenient object for studying the effects of vitamin D upon both the teeth and the body generally, as any change in Ca or P metabolism is immediately reflected in the appearance of the dentin, Erdheim [1911] having aptly compared the rat's incisor with the drum of a kymograph.The effects of massive doses of the vitamin upon the normal rat's incisor have been described by Schour & Ham [1934] and after parathyroidectomy by Schour, Tweedy, Chandler & Engel [1937]. In both instances, the dentin showed a hypocalcified stripe followed by a reactive hypercalcified zone. Downs [1932] described the effects of vitamin D upon the teeth of rats on diets with various Ca: P ratios. The vitamin was incorporated into the diets and thus the effect was prophylactic. He came to the rather unexpected conclusion that the vitamin acted deleteriously with diets with a lowered P content, causing the histological changes to be more marked, but with diets with a lowered Ca content the vitamin acted beneficially.The reaction of the tooth to curative doses of vitamin D after the establishment of well-marked dietary rickets does not, however, appear to have been followed. In the present.paper the effects of the vitamin upon the teeth of rats with rickets caused by diets with abnormally high or low Ca: P ratios are described. Preliminary reports of some of the findings have already been published [Irving, 1941[Irving, , 1943. METHODS AnimalsAlbino rats of the Wistar Institute strain were kept in a special animal house at a temperature of 68-70°. Males and females were used indiscriminately, the results found being the same in both sexes. After weaning at 25 days, the

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“…37 The discovery of vitamin D resulted in a variety of attempts to understand how this steroid might result in the healing of rickets and its adult counterpart, osteomalacia. One of the early experiments that is often unappreciated are the studies of Shipley et al 38,39 in which slices of bone taken from rachitic animals were incubated in the blood serum of vitamin D-deficient animals or in the blood serum of animals provided with vitamin D. The provisional deposit of calcium and phosphate was found in the case of bone slices incubated in serum of animals that had been given vitamin D. However, the addition of vitamin D to the serum of vitamin D-deficient rats did not in any way influence the deposit of mineral in the bone. Of considerable importance was that calcification of rachitic bone could be achieved by incubation in solutions that contained the same levels of calcium and phosphate as is found in the serum of animals given vitamin D. These results did not really indicate the mechanism of action of vitamin D, but it did suggest that the failure of mineralization might well be a failure of supply of calcium and phosphorus to the bone compartment in the case of vitamin D deficiency.…”

Section: Early Understanding Of the Function Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites

2014

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Before the twentieth century, it was not possible to describe the essentials of a diet that could support life, growth and reproduction of higher animals. The discovery of vitamin A by McCollum and Davis in 1913 ushered in the era of accessory food substances culminating in the achievement of that goal. It included the discovery of vitamin D and its production in skin caused by ultraviolet light. This was followed by a description of its actions at the physiological level that resulted in a healthy skeleton and beyond. To carry out these functions, vitamin D is converted to a hormone that acts through a nuclear receptor. The findings leading to this concept and their importance to biology and medicine are presented.

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Studies upon Calcification in vitro

Cited by 103 publications

References 3 publications

History of Calcium Phosphates in Regenerative Medicine

History of Calcium Phosphates in Regenerative Medicine

The action of vitamin d upon the incisor teeth of rats consuming diets with a high or low ca:p ratio

History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites

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