Studies with immobilised chemical reagents using a flow-cell for the development of chemically sensitive fibre-optic devices

Kirkbright, G. F.; Narayanaswamy, Ramaies; Welti, Neal A.

doi:10.1039/an9840900015

Cited by 72 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Most popular indicator dyes for application in absorptiometric sensors belong to the group of azo-dyes, 15 − 17 , 23 , 70 , 76 , 194 , 201 − 239 phthalein, 82 , 194 , 225 , 226 , 240 − 250 sulfophthalein (ref ( 19 , 22 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 43 ), ( 45 , 63 , 71 , 102 , 194 , 213 , 222 , 226 ), ( 232 − 235 , 241 , 245 − 248 , 251 − 321 )), and other triphenylmethane dyes 15 , 50 , 224 , 236 , 252 , 263 , 302 , 322 − 325 ( Figure 17 ). Less common indicators belong to the groups of cyanines, 326 − 329 porphyrins, 69 , 330 − 339 and other classes ( Figure 18 ; description below).…”

Section: Overview Of Commonly Used Absorptiometric Ph Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfophthalein based sensors have been prepared using styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (refs ( 19 , 22 , 43 , 45 , 102 , 245 , 253 , 265 , 273 , 288 − 291 , 298 , and 306 )), agarose, 309 cellulose, 38 , 213 , 232 − 234 , 263 , 276 , 302 , 351 nylon-6 fibers, 241 PVA, 310 PVC, 232 − 234 , 296 PVI, 287 − 289 sol–gel (refs ( 194 , 226 , 252 , 254 , 255 , 257 ), ( 259 − 262 , 267 , 269 , 272 , 277 , 279 ), ( 281 − 284 , 286 , 293 , 294 ), ( 301 , 311 , 312 , 314 , 352 )), SiO 2 –TiO 2 composites, 246 , 247 , 266 , 316 and ormosils 254 , 256 , 258 , 264 , 268 , 270 , 271 , ...…”

Section: Overview Of Commonly Used Absorptiometric Ph Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, phenolphthaleins were coupled to aminated PAN fibers via Mannich reaction. 225 , 240 − 244 Phthaleins have also been immobilized in or on nylon-6, 241 PVA, 240 PAN/PA6.6 composites, 243 styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, 245 cellulose materials, 244 silica–titania sol–gel, 246 − 248 , 250 and silica sol–gel. 82 , 194 , 226 , 250 …”

Section: Overview Of Commonly Used Absorptiometric Ph Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, phenolphthaleins were coupled to aminated PAN fibers via Mannich reaction. 225,240−244 Phthaleins have also been immobilized in or on nylon-6, 241 PVA, 240 PAN/PA6.6 composites, 243 styrenedivinylbenzene copolymers, 245 cellulose materials, 244 silica− titania sol−gel, [246][247][248]250 and silica sol−gel. 82,194,226,250 Apart from the phthalein and sulfophthalein dyes, only relatively few other triphenylmethane dyes have been used for the preparation of sensors.…”

Section: Phthalein Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications

2020

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This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and p K a values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.

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Section: Overview Of Commonly Used Absorptiometric Ph Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Commonly Used Absorptiometric Ph Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Commonly Used Absorptiometric Ph Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, phenolphthaleins were coupled to aminated PAN fibers via Mannich reaction. 225,240−244 Phthaleins have also been immobilized in or on nylon-6, 241 PVA, 240 PAN/PA6.6 composites, 243 styrenedivinylbenzene copolymers, 245 cellulose materials, 244 silica− titania sol−gel, [246][247][248]250 and silica sol−gel. 82,194,226,250 Apart from the phthalein and sulfophthalein dyes, only relatively few other triphenylmethane dyes have been used for the preparation of sensors.…”

Section: Phthalein Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications

2020

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“…These are in turn packed into a length of cellulose dialysis tubing placed at the end of a pair of fibers that can serve as a vehicle for monitoring changes in absorbance [171]. Bromothymol blue immobilized on styrene -divinylbenzene copolymer has been similarly employed [172]. Alternatively, fluorometric acid -base indicators can be used to detect changes in fluorescence intensity that accompany protonation.…”

Section: Fiber-optical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

Cammann¹,

Roß²,

Katerkamp³

et al. 2001

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction to the Field of Sensors and Actuators 2. Chemical Sensors 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Molecular Recognition Processes and Corresponding Selectivities 2.2.1. Catalytic Processes in Calorimetric Devices 2.2.2. Reactions at Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces Influencing Surface or Bulk Conductivities 2.2.3. Selective Ion Conductivities in Solid‐State Materials 2.2.4. Selective Adsorption ‐ Distribution and Supramolecular Chemistry at Interfaces 2.2.5. Selective Charge‐Transfer Processes at Ion‐Selective Electrodes (Potentiometry) 2.2.6. Selective Electrochemical Reactions at Working Electrodes (Voltammetry and Amperometry) 2.2.7. Molecular Recognition Processes Based on Molecular Biological Principles 2.3. Transducers for Molecular Recognition: Processes and Sensitivities 2.3.1. Electrochemical Sensors 2.3.1.1. Self‐Indicating Potentiometric Electrodes 2.3.1.2. Voltammetric and Amperometric Cells 2.3.1.3. Conductance Devices 2.3.1.4. Ion‐Selective Field‐Effect Transistors (ISFETs) 2.3.2. Optical Sensors 2.3.2.1. Fiber‐Optical Sensors 2.3.2.2. Integrated Optical Chemical and Biochemical Sensors 2.3.2.3. Surface Plasmon Resonance 2.3.2.4. Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy 2.3.3. Mass‐Sensitive Devices 2.3.3.1. Introduction 2.3.3.2. Fundamental Principles and Basic Types of Transducers 2.3.3.3. Theoretical Background 2.3.3.4. Technical Considerations 2.3.3.5. Specific Applications 2.3.3.6. Conclusions and Outlook 2.3.4. Calorimetric Devices 2.4. Problems Associated with Chemical Sensors 2.5. Multisensor Arrays, Electronic Noses, and Tongues 3. Biochemical Sensors (Biosensors) 3.1. Definitions, General Construction, and Classification 3.2. Biocatalytic (Metabolic) Sensors 3.2.1. Monoenzyme Sensors 3.2.2. Multienzyme Sensors 3.2.3. Enzyme Sensors for Inhibitors ‐ Toxic Effect Sensors 3.2.4. Biosensors Utilizing Intact Biological Receptors 3.3. Affinity Sensors ‐ Immuno‐Probes 3.3.1. Direct‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes without Marker Molecules 3.3.2. Indirect‐Sensing Immuno‐Probes using Marker Molecules 3.4. Whole‐Cell Biosensors 3.5. Problems and Future Prospects 4. Actuators and Instrumentation 5. Future Trends and Outlook

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