Studies with SSNTD and nuclear chemistry on nuclear reactions induced by relativistic heavy ions in thick targets: A review

Correlations in Nuclear Interactions between E<sub>CM</sub>/<i>u</i> and Unexplained Experimental Observables

“…with increasing mass difference ΔA from the target mass. Detailed supporting arguments for this statement are given in [1,2], and in particular in [6]. An example of thin-target reactions induced by relativistic particles is shown in Figure 1 where mass distributions measured in thin copper targets that were irradiated with various projectiles are shown.…”

“…Unresolved problems as discussed in detail in [1,2] are observed only in high energy nuclear interactions with thick targets. Three types of experiments which reveal unresolved problems are described in more detail below.…”

“…Correlations of E CM /u with experimental R 0 ( 24 Na)values are presented in Table 1 (column 3). In [1] it was shown that R 0 ( 24 Na) > 1.0 constitutes an unresolved problem, i.e. one would normally expect more production of the very far spallation product 24 Na in the first disk than in the second one.…”

“…This applies for nuclear reaction studies induced by ions from E kinetic < 1 GeV and is extending up to 80 GeV 40 Ar irradiations. Limited studies extend up to proton induced reactions with E kinetic = 300 GeV (see [1] for details).…”

“…Several articles have recently appeared describing "unresolved problems" in the study of nuclear interactions in thick targets induced by relativistic ions and their secondary reaction products [1,2]. Product yield distributions in thick copper targets from irradiations with 72 GeV 40 Ar (at the LBNL, Berkeley), 44 GeV 12 C (at the JINR, Dubna), and 48 GeV 4 He (at CERN, Geneva) [3] cannot be understood with well-established theoretical concepts, thus constituting "unresolved problems".…”