Study abroad: A process of adaptation and change

International and Intra‐national Student Mobility: Trends, Motivations and Identity

“…Most studies on characteristics and motivations of internationally mobile students focus on outgoing students from the major English‐speaking countries to other developed countries. In an earlier study, Morgan () developed a typology of student adaptation based on American students participating in a short‐term exchange abroad in Switzerland. The author developed two types of students.…”

“…In an earlier study, Morgan (1975) developed a typology of student adaptation based on American students participating in a short-term exchange abroad in Switzerland. The author developed two types of students.…”

“…International student mobility has been examined from a broad range of perspectives. There is particularly a plethora of studies on motivations and choice factors for studying overseas (Allen ; Brooks and Waters , ,; Chirkov et al ; Doyle et al ; Findlay et al ; Gonzales et al 2011; Hazen and Alberts ; He and Chen ; King et al ; Madgett and Bélanger ; Pineda et al ), including characteristics of students who study abroad (Frändberg ; King and Ruiz‐Gelices ; Morgan ; Salisbury et al ; Stroud ; Woodfield ). Although not discussed in this paper, other main research areas on international student mobility have focused on ‘brain drain’ (Findlay et al ; Hazen and Alberts ), intercultural sensitivity (Anderson et al ; Huttlinger and Keating ; Pedersen ) and second language learning (Allen ; Balá and Williams ; Wilkinson ).…”

Amongst the Chinese: a qualitative inquiry into cross-cultural understanding

“…Some thought that exposure to another culture and country helps to decrease ethnocentrism, which means the belief in one's own culture as being superior to another' s (Haloburdo & Thompson, 1998;Maltby & Abrams, 2009). Morgan, Jr. (1972, 1975 used quantitative data to categorize some American students into cultural relativists and culture opposites before their departure to Switzerland. Concluding from the research data after the students' return, he found that better coping and adaption were found in the cultural relativists.…”

“…As Calan reflected, "My background living in a very cultural diverse Comparing with other participants, especially with Bryan, Calan holds neutral feelings and seemed to be calmer when talking about both his home country and China. Using the same quantitative categories as Morgan, Jr. (1972, 1975, I would label my participants as either cultural relativists or culture opposites; however, my qualitative research showed that a heightened or lessened degree of nationalism did not appear to happen to all of them. Each responded in an individual way.…”