“…Photovoltaic technologies provide a clean, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and long-term solution to meet rising worldwide energy demand by directly converting solar energy into electricity [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ]. Different types of solar cells have been technologically advanced to meet increasing energy demands [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] ], including silicon (Si) [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ], cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS), polymer, inorganic metal chalcogenide, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) [ [16] , [17] , [18] ], quantum dot (QD), and perovskite-based solar cells [ [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ].…”