Study design, baseline patient characteristics and intervention in a cross-cultural framework: results from the ADORE study

The Caregiver Perspective on Paediatric ADHD (CAPPA) survey: Understanding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, treatment use and impact of ADHD in Europe

“…It is widely recognized that ADHD should be diagnosed as early as possible (European Commission ADHD Project, 2002); a valid diagnosis can be made in children aged 5-6 years but the diagnosis of younger children is challenging (Taylor et al, 2004). The mean age at diagnosis in our survey is also in line with estimates of 6.6-10.0 years in previous observational studies of ADHD in Europe Preuss et al, 2006;Raman et al, 2015). Reported severity of ADHD (while receiving treatment) varied among countries.…”

“…European guidelines suggest the use of methylphenidate for initial pharmacological treatment of ADHD (Banaschewski et al, 2006;Taylor et al, 2004), and national guidelines in the UK, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy are generally consistent with this approach (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 2007;Health Ministry of Spain, 2010;Landelijke Stuurgroep, 2007;NICE, 2013;SINPIA, 2002). Although pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions may help reduce ADHD symptoms, some individuals continue to experience symptoms or functional impairment that negatively affect their own/their family's lives (Preuss et al, 2006;Ralston and Lorenzo, 2004). For example, approximately 30% of children/ adolescents with ADHD fail to respond to treatment with a single stimulant and 10% do not respond to any stimulants (Arnold, 2000;Spencer et al, 1996).…”

Short-Term Effectiveness of Medication and Psychosocial Intervention in a Cohort of Newly Diagnosed Patients With Inattention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity Problems

“…Further data on the baseline characteristics of the sample have been published in a previous paper (Preuss et al, 2006).…”

Co-existing psychiatric problems in ADHD in the ADORE cohort

“…The background, rationale and design of the ADORE study on 1,478 children with ADHD have been described in detail in a previous paper [21], and the baseline characteristics of the study population are reported in a separate paper of this issue [20]. In the present analysis, we have divided the subjects with ADHD into the following six groups according to the absence or presence of co- .…”