Study from the influence of magnetite onto removal of hydrochlorothiazide from aqueous solutions applying magnetic graphene oxide

Methylphenidate adsorption onto graphene derivatives: theory and experiment

“…The Freundlich model assumes that the adsorption occurs in multiple layers (physical adsorption), within non-uniform sites, characteristic of heterogeneous systems. 43,51 Similar results are reported by Rhoden et al (2021) 18 by removing hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) from aqueous solutions by applying GO nanocomposites. The maximum adsorption capacity of GO was achieved at pH 7.0 (20.87 mg g −1 ), which corresponds to 52.97% of HCTZ removed from the aqueous medium.…”

“…The percentage of drug removal, adsorption capacity, and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, used for the experimental adsorption study, are shown in eqn (1), (2), (3) and (4), respectively. 18,26 where C 0 : methylphenidate initial concentration (mg L −1 ); C t : MPH concentration at time t (mg L −1 ); V : volume of the solution (L); q = amount of dye adsorbed per unit mass of the adsorbent (mg g −1 ); m : mass of the adsorbent (g); q max : maximum amount adsorbed (mg g −1 ); K L : adsorption equilibrium constant or Langmuir constant (L mg −1 ); C eq : equilibrium concentration (mg L −1 ); K F : Freundlich constant, referring to the adsorption capacity ((mg g −1 ) (mg L −1 ) −1/ n ); n : constant related to the adsorption intensity, where it is considered favourable for values between 1 and 10.…”

“…The percentage of drug removal, adsorption capacity, and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, used for the experimental adsorption study, are shown in eqn (1), (2), (3) and (4), respectively. 18,26…”

“…Additionally, the main advantage of graphene derivatives in adsorption protocols relies on their highly active functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxylic groups that, in general, overcome the weaker electrostatic forces between water and the contaminants. 18…”

“…16,17 Additionally, the main advantage of graphene derivatives in adsorption protocols relies on their highly active functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxylic groups that, in general, overcome the weaker electrostatic forces between water and the contaminants. 18 Parallelly, ab initio computer simulations are an important tool used to link theoretical and experimental data. Their application enables an improvement in the understanding of the adsorption process and furnishes possibilities to amplify the protocol to different contaminants.…”