Study in the Humidifying Capacity of the Nose

Ingelstedt, Sven; Ivstam, Bertel

doi:10.3109/00016485109119255

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The nasal passages have great capacity to warm and humidify air. [100][101][102][103] This capacity can be attributed to their anatomic characteristics. A dense, subepithelial capillary network with fenestrae polarized toward the luminal surface probably contributes to the distribution of heat and the transportation of water into the interstitium.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinitis and asthma: Evidence for respiratory system integration

Togias

2003

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

406

282

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinitis and asthma: Evidence for respiratory system integration

Togias

2003

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

406

282

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Tiefere Abschnitte der Atemwege wie der Oropharynx, der Hypopharynx, der Larynx und die Trachea haben daran nur geringen Anteil [9 -11] . Bereits im Nasenrachenraum wird eine Atemwegstemperatur von etwa 31 -34 ° C und eine relative Luftfeuchtigkeit von 90 -95 % bei Atmung unter normalen Raumluftbedingungen erreicht [12,13] . Der Anteil der Nase an der Deposition von Partikeln h ä ngt wesentlich von den Merkmalen der einstr ö menden Partikel ab (hygroskopisch oder hygrophobisch, Gr ö ß e, aerodynamischer Durchmesser, Oberfl ä chenbeschaff enheit, Dichte und anderen chemischen Variablen) [5,8] .…”

Section: Zusammenfassungunclassified

Strömungssimulation und Klimatisierung in der Nase

Keck¹,

Lindemann²

2010

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heating and humidification of the respiratory air are the main functions of the nasal airways in addition to cleansing and olfaction. Optimal nasal air conditioning is mandatory for an ideal pulmonary gas exchange in order to avoid dessication and adhesion of the alveolar capillary bed. The complex three-dimensional anatomical structure of the nose makes it impossible to perform detailed in vivo studies on intranasal heating and humidification within the entire nasal airways applying various technical set-ups. The main problem of in vivo temperature and humidity measurements is a poor spatial and time resolution. Therefore, in vivo measurements are feasible to a restricted extent, only providing single temperature values as the complete nose is not entirely accessible. Therefore, data on the overall performance of the nose are only based on one single measurement within each nasal segment. In vivo measurements within the entire nose are not feasible. These serious technical issues concerning in vivo measurements led to a large number of numerical simulation projects in the last few years providing novel information about the complex functions of the nasal airways. In general, numerical simulations only calculate predictions in a computational model, e. g. realistic nose model, depending on the setting of the boundary conditions. Therefore, numerical simulations achieve only approximations of a possible real situation. The aim of this report is the synopsis of the technical expertise on the field of in vivo nasal air conditioning, the novel information of numerical simulations and the current state of knowledge on the influence of nasal and sinus surgery on nasal air conditioning.

show abstract

“…Auf einer Strecke von etwa 7 cm wird die eingeatmete Luft während der Passage durch die Nase auf etwa 30°C erwärmt und zu 90% mit Wasserdampf gesättigt. Bei Einatmung von minus 12°C kalter Luft wird im Nasenrachen noch eine Temperatur von 25°C gemessen [9,10]. Die Durchblutung der Nasenschleimhaut übersteigt -bezogen auf das Gewebevolumen -die Perfusion des Gehirns [5].…”

Section: Power-dopplerund B-mode-sonographie Der Nasenschleimhautunclassified

Power-Doppler- und B-mode-Sonographie der Nasenschleimhaut

Tasman

Soor

Helbig

et al. 1998

HNO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anatomy and perfusion of the nasal septum and inferior turbinate mucosa can be visualized with B-mode and power-Doppler ultrasound. The transducer is placed externally on the nasal ala parallel to the pyriform crest and directed towards the head of the inferior turbinate of the opposite side. An individually prepared dental splint keeps the transducer in position and allows assessment of dynamic changes in mucosal swelling and perfusion. Perfusion changes are evaluated by computerized quantification of power-Doppler color pixels. Coupling of ultrasound across the nasal lumen is achieved by introducing gel into one nasal vestibule and flooding the anterior nasal cavity of the side to be visualized with isotonic aqueous solutions. Perfusion could be visualized in 23 of 30 subjects, while B-mode sonographic anatomy was visualized in 16 subjects. The effect of isotonic saline solution (10 healthy subjects), naphazoline (10 patients with chronic nasal obstruction) and allergen extracts (10 patients with allergic rhinitis) on mucosal perfusion and swelling was studied. Isotonic saline solution induced a maximum drop in power-Doppler color pixel density by 10% and a maximum increase by 27%, but no change was seen in mucosal swelling. Naphazoline induced a 10-57% decrease in power-Doppler pixel density and decongestion of the inferior turbinate and septum mucosa by 17-43% and 4-27%, respectively. Allergen extracts induced an increase in power-Doppler color pixel density by 24-181% and an increase in mucosal thickness by 4-31%. These preliminary results encourage further studies of nasal mucosal perfusion changes using power-Doppler sonography after pharmacologic and allergen provocations.

show abstract

Study in the Humidifying Capacity of the Nose

Cited by 46 publications

References 3 publications

Rhinitis and asthma: Evidence for respiratory system integration

Rhinitis and asthma: Evidence for respiratory system integration

Strömungssimulation und Klimatisierung in der Nase

Power-Doppler- und B-mode-Sonographie der Nasenschleimhaut

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About