Study of 1,4-Dioxane Intake in the Total Diet

Abstract

1,4-Dioxane is a newly added compound to the water quality standards in Japan that were revised in 2003. In order to estimate the contribution of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water to the total exposure in humans, it is necessary to take into account the quantity of the compound in food. In an earlier study, we measured the intake of 1,4-dioxane in food based on the average consumption of food in the Kanto area.1) The total daily intake of 1,4-dioxane was calculated to be 0.440 g. In the present study, we investigated the intake of 1,4-dioxane from food by sampling meals from 3 days from 3 homes in 9 prefectures, respectively. 1,4-Dioxane was extracted from 20 g of homogenates of mixed meals using the steam distillation, concentrated by a solid phase cartridge and then measured using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. The detection limit of the analysis was 2 g/kg. No 1,4-dioxane was detected in 26 samples, while 3 g/kg was detected in one sample. In this sample case, the daily intake of the 1,4-dioxane was calculated as 4.5 g that represented 0.56% of the total daily intake (TDI) (4.5 g/{16 g/ kg body weight/day ؋ 50 kg}).

Food-Borne Chemical Carcinogens and the Evidence for Human Cancer Risk

“…FDA [ 840 ] estimated per capita dietary intake of 1,4-dioxane to be low, averaging at 0.6 µg/person/day. Analyses of Japanese foods revealed an EDI of 1,4-dioxane averaging from 0.44 to 4.5 µg/kg bw/day [ 818 , 841 ]. SCF established that an estimated maximum exposure to 1,4-dioxane as a constituent of food additives, polysorbates, in bread ranges between 0.008 to 0.05 µg/kg bw/day [ 817 ].…”

Review of Incoherent Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) for Gas Sensing

“…C 4 H 8 O 2 is not biodegradable and was classified as a potential carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Widely used as an industrial solvent, C 4 H 8 O 2 is considered as the major anthropogenic source of 1,4-dioxane in the atmosphere [ 89 , 90 ]. Chandran et al [ 65 ] reported a novel FT-IBBCEAS to record the absorption of C 4 H 8 O 2 in the spectral range of 5900−8230 cm −1 with a resolution of 0.08 cm −1 .…”