Study of 239Pu, 144Ce, and 90Sr Behavior During Radioactive Wastes Treatment by Thermal Plasma Technology

Ghiloufi, Imed

doi:10.1007/s11090-009-9180-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The gas composition at the surface is thus modified. It is not the result of a single equilibrium liquid-gas, but instead, it is the outcome of a dynamic balance comprising: a combined action of reactional balances, electrolysis effects, and diffusive transport [22,23]. From Faraday's first law of electrolysis, the mole number of a substance i produced at the electrode is [14]:…”

Section: Description Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model determines, for a given temperature and total pressure, the equilibrium composition of a closed system. More details on the model can be finding in [13,22,23,25]. To simulate the same OES conditions in which the experimental measurements are obtained, the containment matrix used for this study is formed by basalt, and its composition is given in Table 2.…”

Section: Description Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Emission Spectroscopy Measurements and Simulation of Radioelement Volatility During Radioactive Waste Treatment by Plasma

Ghiloufi

Girold²

2010

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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An optical emission spectroscopy (OES) method has been used to measure the concentration above the melt of some radioelements, 137 Cs, 60 Co and 106 Ru during the vitrification of radioactive wastes by thermal plasma. This method allows the study of non homogeneous optically thin plasmas exhibiting a symmetry plane without sophisticated tomographic systems. Local plasma temperatures above the melt have been evaluated using measured relative intensities of spectral lines of the plasma-forming gas. Radioelement concentrations in the plasma are deduced from the intensity ratio of the radioelement-gas spectral lines. A computer model is used to simulate the volatility of 137 Cs, 60 Co and 106 Ru, during the treatment of radioactive wastes by thermal plasma. This model is based on the calculation of system composition using the free enthalpy minimization method, coupled with the equation of mass transfer at the reactional interface. In this study, the OES measurements and the computer model allowed the determination of this radioelement volatility depending on the parameters like plasma current, and the nature of atmosphere furnace. The results of the model are compared to those obtained by OES measurements.

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Section: Description Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Emission Spectroscopy Measurements and Simulation of Radioelement Volatility During Radioactive Waste Treatment by Plasma

Ghiloufi

Girold²

2010

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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“…For example, a computer code was developed to simulate the volatility of heavy metals during fly ash treatment using a plasma arc [14]. This same code was used to study the effect of different parameters, such as bath surface temperature, plasma cur rent, and partial pressure of oxygen, on the volatility of radioelements during therma plasma treatment of radioactive waste [10,15,16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Elements Behavior during Plasma Treatment for Waste Collected from Power Plants

et al. 2022

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The subject of this work is the treatment of solid waste collected from power plants using thermal plasma technology. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the waste before and after the treatment. The results show that waste is formed essentially from carbon, but it also contains sulfur and toxic elements like lead, cadmium, zinc, and arsenic. For this reason, a plasma reactor was used to separate carbon from the heavy metals by a pyrolysis/combustion plasma system. After the plasma treatment, the mass of the waste was reduced by more than 85% and the metals were collected in the filter bag. A computer code was used to study the toxic element volatility during the treatment. With this code, the effects of plasma temperature, confinement matrix, and the composition of the carrier gas on the volatility of lead and arsenic were determined. The code results show that arsenic remains in the liquid phase for temperatures less than 2000 K, whereas for temperatures beyond 2100 K, arsenic becomes very volatile. For lead, any increase in temperature increases its vaporized quantity and its vaporization speed. The addition of oxygen in the carrier gas leads to the heavy metal incorporation in the confinement matrix. The increase of the quantity of Ba in the containment matrix strengthens the confinement of as in the matrix.

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“…Plasma technology is used for the treatment of different types of waste. For example, plasma is used for the vitrification of fly ash [21][22][23], radioactive waste [24][25][26], and electronic waste [27]. The choice of this technology to treat these wastes is due to the advantages offered by plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Technology for Phosphogypsum Treatment

et al. 2021

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The phosphate industry generates a large amount of waste called phosphogypsum (PG). Generally, this waste is discharged without any treatment, and it causes considerable environmental problems. Hence, the objective of this study is the treatment of phosphate waste using thermal plasma technology. First, the waste is characterized using different techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Such characterization shows that the waste contains different toxic elements, such as heavy metals, fluorine, chlorine, sulfur, and phosphorus. For this reason, a plasma reactor is used to separate toxic elements from metals, such as silicon, aluminum, and magnesium, with a pyrolysis/combustion plasma system. In this work, the influence of different parameters, such as time of treatment and plasma current, on the volatility of toxic elements is studied. The obtained results show that after 40 min of treatment and at a plasma current of 160 A, the phosphogypsum completely melts, and the most toxic elements, namely Pb, Cd, V, Cr, and As, are completely vaporized.

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Study of 239Pu, 144Ce, and 90Sr Behavior During Radioactive Wastes Treatment by Thermal Plasma Technology

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Optical Emission Spectroscopy Measurements and Simulation of Radioelement Volatility During Radioactive Waste Treatment by Plasma

Optical Emission Spectroscopy Measurements and Simulation of Radioelement Volatility During Radioactive Waste Treatment by Plasma

Toxic Elements Behavior during Plasma Treatment for Waste Collected from Power Plants

Plasma Technology for Phosphogypsum Treatment

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