Study of a direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge in helium with wet aerosol sample introduction systems

Battery-Operated Atomic Emission Analyzer for Waterborne Arsenic Based on Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Excitation Source

“…Recently, miniaturized plasmas have attracted extensive attention in the pursuit of more compacted instruments because of their small size, reduced gas and power consumption, and relatively low manufacturing cost. − Of particular interest are the low power requirement of microplasmas making possible operation from battery supplies. , To date, several types of microplasma emission sources have been reported, including low-power inductively coupled plasma (ICP), microplasma devices (MPD), , electrolyte cathode glow discharge (ELCAD), , low power capacitively coupled plasma (CCP), microwave-induced plasma (MIP), − microhollow cathode glow discharge (MHCD), , and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). − The use of microplasmas (e.g., CCP, MIP, MHCD, and DBD) has been predominantly for the determination of analytes in gaseous phase, such as volatile hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, or molecular gases such as SO 2 . Few miniaturized plasma sources have been applied to the analysis of As using chemical vapor generation.…”

Direct Ultratrace Detection of Lead in a Single Hair Using Portable Electromagnetic Heating Vaporization-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

“…Additionally, the presence of water vapor deteriorates the excitation ability of APGD, accompanied by the decrease of plasma temperature. 37 Electrothermal vaporization (ETV) is considered to be a competitive sample introduction approach because of its advantages of high sample introduction efficiency, low sample consumption, high matrix separation efficiency, and capability for the direct analysis of liquid and solid. Miniaturized metal coil thermal vaporizer devices have been developed, and some of them have been coupled with microplasma-based portable devices for field analysis.…”

“…APGD coupled with chemical vapor generation (CVG) technology was applied to the analysis of nitrate and ammonium in environmental water samples with detection limits of 0.24 and 0.20 mg L –1 , respectively . APGD has also been coupled with other different sample introduction methods, including gas chromatography (GC), pneumatic nebulization (PN), ultrasonic nebulization (USN), and membrane desolvation (MD) for various analytical applications. However, the complex components related to the solution injection system and the gas–liquid separator limit the further miniaturization of the whole system.…”

“…However, the complex components related to the solution injection system and the gas–liquid separator limit the further miniaturization of the whole system. Additionally, the presence of water vapor deteriorates the excitation ability of APGD, accompanied by the decrease of plasma temperature …”