Study of acetylene poisoning of Pt cathode on proton exchange membrane fuel cell spatial performance using a segmented cell system

Reshetenko, Tatyana V.; St‐Pierre, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.073

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…For naphthalene, the cell voltage transient was interrupted before a steady state was obtained (Figure 1f), which also led to a low-frequency artefact that could not be fitted to the equivalent circuits of Figure 3a-c. The impedance spectra agree with the prior results for acetonitrile [25][26][27][28], acetylene [36][37][38], bromomethane [28][29][30], isopropanol [31], methyl methacrylate [31], naphthalene [40], and propene [28,31,41]. Molecules 2020, 25 and structural modifications to the catalyst layer that are relatively more impactful for the lower catalyst loading.…”

Section: Impedance Spectrasupporting

confidence: 86%

“…a result, the current density was temporarily lowered and the contaminant injection was interrupted before a steady state was obtained to avoid an automatic test station shutdown. Contamination and recovery transients are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the prior results for acetylene [23,[36][37][38][39], bromomethane [23,[28][29][30], isopropanol [23,31], methyl methacrylate [23,31], naphthalene [23,40], and propene [23,28,31,41]. Figure 1b-g illustrates voltage transients for the other contaminants.…”

Section: Cell Voltage Transientssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Impact of the Cathode Pt Loading on PEMFC Contamination by Several Airborne Contaminants

St‐Pierre

Zhai

2020

Molecules

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with 0.1 and 0.4 mg Pt cm −2 cathode catalyst loadings were separately contaminated with seven organic species: Acetonitrile, acetylene, bromomethane, iso-propanol, methyl methacrylate, naphthalene, and propene. The lower catalyst loading led to larger cell voltage losses at the steady state. Three closely related electrical equivalent circuits were used to fit impedance spectra obtained before, during, and after contamination, which revealed that the cell voltage loss was due to higher kinetic and mass transfer resistances. A significant correlation was not found between the steady-state cell voltage loss and the sum of the kinetic and mass transfer resistance changes. Major increases in research program costs and efforts would be required to find a predictive correlation, which suggests a focus on contamination prevention and recovery measures rather than contamination mechanisms.Molecules 2020, 25, 1060 2 of 15 focusing on the cathode catalyst loading effect were found [19,20]. However, contamination data in [19] are not directly comparable because both the catalyst layer design and catalyst loading were concurrently altered. The authors also refer to 10 ppb SO 2 data obtained by another group that showed more severe fuel cell damage with a catalyst loading decrease from 0.4 to 0.3 mg Pt cm −2 . In contrast, the effect of 2,6-diaminotoluene, a species that leaches out of the fuel cell system balance of plant materials, was more impactful after the Pt catalyst loading was lowered from 0.4 to 0.1 mg Pt cm −2 [20]. In comparison to the anode, the higher cathode potential is expected to affect the contamination mechanism with, for example, a different Pt surface charge, altered contaminant adsorbates and reaction intermediates, catalyst coverage, and cell voltage loss. This situation is exacerbated with a catalyst loading change, which affects the overpotential of the irreversible oxygen reduction reaction and the cathode potential. Information about chemical and electrochemical reactions for specific contaminants may be available in the literature. However, the presence of relevant cathode reactants, oxygen and water, may not be considered. For instance, novel intermediates or products were not detected with chlorobenzene in air [21]. However, the presence of acetylene in air led to small amounts of methane [22] that were not expected based on acetylene chemistry and electrochemistry. Therefore, tests completed under these significantly different operating conditions are needed in part because contaminant reactions are not currently predictable in assessing catalyst coverage and cell voltage loss.This report documents the impact of the cathode Pt catalyst loading effect for PEMFCs contaminated with seven model organic airborne species, which were previously evaluated and selected from a larger pool of 21 contaminants [23]: Acetonitrile (nitrile), acetylene (alkyne), bromomethane (halocarbon), iso-propanol (alcohol), methyl methacrylate (ester), naphthalene (polycyclic ...

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Section: Impedance Spectrasupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Cell Voltage Transientssupporting

confidence: 82%

Impact of the Cathode Pt Loading on PEMFC Contamination by Several Airborne Contaminants

St‐Pierre

Zhai

2020

Molecules

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“…Therefore, alkaline earth metal carbonate–alkaline earth MH systems were selected for further detailed study. Moreover, the FTIR spectra featured no absorptions of CO 2 and CO, indicating that no CO x intermediates were produced under these conditions, which is important in view of the fact that carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia easily poison the catalysts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells . To re‐stress, methane was the sole gaseous hydrocarbon product of reactions of alkaline earth metal carbonates with alkaline earth MHs, which suggested that the reactions are highly selective.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Selective Room‐Temperature Catalyst‐Free Reduction of Alkaline Carbonates to Methane by Metal Hydrides

et al. 2019

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The realization of effective CO2 conversion into valuable hydrocarbons is a promising way of addressing the current environmental and energy issues. A convenient, highly selective, and efficient method of CO2 methanation and the synthesis of COx‐free hydrogen/methane fuel mixtures by ball milling‐induced reactions of alkaline carbonates with metal hydrides (MHs) is reported. The natural resources of MgCO3/CaCO3 and MgH2/CaH2 are used as carbon and hydrogen sources, respectively. Mechanochemical investigations of the room‐temperature reactions indicate that some alkaline carbonates can be reduced by MHs under catalyst‐free conditions to selectively afford CH4 as the sole hydrocarbon product in yields of up to 73%. Moreover, the contents of methane in the gaseous products and its yield are shown, which mainly depend on the nature of metal carbonates/hydrides, rate and duration of ball milling, and reaction mixture composition. Thus, this study opens new ways to achieve the CO2 utilization and synthesize of COx‐free hydrogen and methane fuel mixtures.

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“…It could be shown that air pollutants can increase these inhomogeneities. 26 In order to achieve a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms of the nitrogen compounds current distribution measurements were examined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Nitrogen Compounds on PEMFC: A Comparative Study

Talke¹,

Misz²,

Konrad³

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and current distribution measurements are employed at single cells and a fuel cell stack to reveal the differences and interrelations of ammonia, nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide. It is shown that both nitrogen oxides are adsorbed at the catalyst as NO. The adsorption of NO 2 is weaker and therefore leads to a lower and slower degradation. Moreover, all gases cause inhomogeneous stress of the MEA, which can lead to an accelerated degradation of the fuel cell. NH 3 shows a combined reaction by partly being adsorbed as a nitric oxide and partly reacting with the perfluorosulfonic acid groups of the ionomer. Within the framework of climate protection and the protection of the population against pollutants, electromobility is becoming increasingly important worldwide. Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane Fuel cell technology (PEMFC) plays a key role since it includes high driving ranges with short refueling times. For a successful market introduction, however, costs must be further reduced and the durability of the systems must be further increased. In this context, it is known that several air pollutants lead to a short-term loss of power and reduce the durability of fuel cells in the long term.Nitrogen compounds are of special interest due to their high concentrations in urban traffic. Diesel vehicles are responsible for a majority of NO x -emissions in urban areas. But also a medium-sized vehicle with gasoline engine and three-way catalytic converter can easily emit 2 ppm NO 2 at 120 km/h. 1 For that reason and especially because of stricter legislation, there will be an increase of cars with SCR catalytic converters (selective catalytic reduction) to reduce NO x emissions in the future. Selective catalytic reduction generally names the reduction of NO x by NH 3 to water and N 2 by the help of a selective catalyst. This technique has been used in combustion plants for several years. For more than 10 years, SCR-systems for passenger cars are in use as standard-production application. In vehicles, the NH 3 for the reduction is converted out of urea stored in an extra tank. The SCR-system is an effective way to reduce NO x in the vehicle exhaust. On the one hand, only the use of SCR methods currently enables compliance with the Euro 6 and Tier 2 Bin 5 standards for NO x . On the other hand, it was shown that there is significant NH 3 slippage during the SCR-process in vehicles.2 To ensure a nearly complete conversion of NO x to N 2 the dosing of NH 3 has to be hyperstoichiometric. Furthermore, the reaction is extremely temperature sensitive. This will increase NH 3 emissions in traffic over the next few years. The three nitric components are therefore of special importance in urban areas and for this reason, it is important to examine the negative influence of these compounds on PEMFC in detail.Several studies examine the influence of NO x on the cathode of PEMFCs. Most of them present a strong but reversible loss of power up to 60% because of 1 to 25 ppm NOx.3-9...

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Study of acetylene poisoning of Pt cathode on proton exchange membrane fuel cell spatial performance using a segmented cell system

Cited by 38 publications

References 117 publications

Impact of the Cathode Pt Loading on PEMFC Contamination by Several Airborne Contaminants

Impact of the Cathode Pt Loading on PEMFC Contamination by Several Airborne Contaminants

Highly Selective Room‐Temperature Catalyst‐Free Reduction of Alkaline Carbonates to Methane by Metal Hydrides

Influence of Nitrogen Compounds on PEMFC: A Comparative Study

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