Study of acquired oesophageal strictures

Abstract

Background: We profiled the patients of acquired oesophageal strictures coming to our hospital in terms of causes, clinical presentation, efficacy of investigations and treatment modalities.Methods: In this two-year observational study, all patients presenting with complaint of difficulty in swallowing were enrolled and subjected to detailed history taking, examination, barium swallow study and other investigations. The patients were managed with surgical and/or non-surgical approaches, as indicated.Results: Out of total 46 eligible patients, 34 presented with malignant strictures while 12 presented with benign ones. Dysphagia was the commonest symptom in patients with malignant (31, 91.17%) as well as benign strictures (12, 100%). Shouldering with hold up of barium (19, 55.88%) was the most common finding noted in malignant strictures, while those with benign stricture had smooth tapering (7, 58.33%) as the commonest finding. On flexible endoscopy, the level of growth corroborated with the barium swallow findings in all 34 patients with malignant strictures and the lower one third (16, 47.05%) was observed to be the most common site of affection. Majority (21, 58.8%) of patients were having squamous cell carcinoma, with adenocarcinoma dominating in lower one third lesions (13 out of 16, 81.25%). No cases of adenocarcinoma were noted in middle and upper one third lesions.Conclusions: Majority of patients with malignant strictures were having squamous cell carcinoma, with adenocarcinoma dominating in lower one third lesions. Surgical resection led to relief from dysphagia in all the 6 cases of oesophagectomy with oesophagogastric anastomosis in malignant stricture cases with excellent long term survival and symptomatic relief

Decoration, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Novel Nano‐Based 1,2‐Phenylenediamine Functionalized Maleic Anhydride‐Allylphenyl Ether Conjugate

“…The most commonly used heterocyclic compounds in synthesis are those with five‐ and six‐membered rings containing two or more different types of heteroatoms such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and sulfur (S) in the ring. The most commonly used simple aromatic heterocyclic compounds are pyridine, pyrrole, furan, and thiophene, each of which has a five‐membered ring composed of four carbon atoms and each one nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atom [2,3] . In addition, the most well‐known six‐membered heterocyclic aromatic structures are piperidine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, and triazine [4] .…”