Study of Association of Leptin and Insulin Resistance Markers in Patients of PCOS

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological disorder among women of the reproductive age group with long term sequelae which include diabetes mellitus, hypertension and CAD. The present study was conducted to evaluate the association of leptin-an adipokine playing an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and markers of insulin resistance among women with PCOS. Sixty diagnosed cases of PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria were enrolled in this study after informed written consent. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). HOMA-IR was calculated as the product of the fasting plasma insulin value (mU/ml) and the fasting plasma glucose value (mg/dl), divided by 405 and HOMA b was calculated as 360 9 [insulin]/([glucose] -63) % (glucose in mg/dl). Estimation of serum leptin levels was done by ELISA using leptin ELISA kit from (DRG). A positive correlation of serum leptin levels was observed with markers of insulin resistance. Multiple regression analysis with HOMA-IR as dependent variable demonstrated a statistically significant contribution of fasting insulin levels. This study highlights the role of leptin in alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in patients with PCOS.

Distinct Response of Fat and Gastrointestinal Tissue to Glucose in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…Beyond its metabolic functions, leptin is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in inflammation (Fantuzzi and Faggioni 2000). High leptinemia observed in our GDM group with the highest postchallenge glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, and the lowest Cederholm index of IS is consistent with a positive correlation of leptin with insulin resistance described in other studies (Nasrat et al 2016, Osegbe et al 2016. In PCOS women, fasting and postchallenge (120 min) levels of leptin were also higher compared to controls.…”

A Review on the Link between Psoriasis Vulgaris and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…Moro et al suggested that anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and hyperinsulinemia contribute to the inflammatory process and worsen the features of psoriasis [24]. Consistent with this study, de Simone et al [25] determined that the prevalence of PCOS was markedly higher in reproductive-age women with psoriasis, and this group was also at a higher risk of insulin resistance, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and more severe skin lesions [15]. Additionally, Bommsma et al [85] reported poor pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS, and due to these data, de Simone et al [25] pointed to the probability of an important impact of psoriasis on the course of pregnancy, as well as the role of PCOS contributing to these effects.…”

“…The association between the two diseases is not exactly known, but in recent studies, the prevalence of PCOS in patients with psoriasis has been found to be markedly higher than in the normal population. Furthermore, skin lesions are more exacerbated and the risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and low HDL levels are markedly higher when these two disorders coexist [14][15][16]. Various inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, and IL-6, can have similar functions in the processes of both PCOS and psoriasis.…”

“…Two of the following criteria are sufficient for diagnosis: oligo-or anovulation, biochemical or clinical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound examination [11]. Similar to psoriasis, the components of metabolic syndrome [12][13][14], obesity [13], diabetes [15], insulin resistance [16][17][18][19][20], dyslipidemia [21], hypertension [15,[22][23], and coronary artery disease [15] are reported to be closely related to PCOS. Based on these similarities, with the support of the literature, female patients with psoriasis in the reproductive period are thought to have a higher risk of PCOS [24][25][26].…”

New markers of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

“…One possible explanation for this difference is the heterogeneity of the patients, who presented the BMI in the upper limit of normal values. Recently, similar to Erturk’s study, Nasrat et al [28] found that leptin and BMI were significantly correlated without a significant association with insulin resistance, but they evaluated only PCOS patients without a control group and they did not analyze the molecular mechanisms for further validation. Garruti et al [29] reported low leptin levels in serum and in follicular fluid in non-obese PCOS patients undergoing in vitro fertilization, with a significant correlation with BMI and insulinemia.…”