This paper formulated noise sources of synchronous belt in terms of structure-borne noise and airborne noise. The structure-borne noise consists of structural impact noise and friction-induced noise. The airborne noise is due to airflow-induced acoustic wave during belt-sprocket tooth engaging. Based on the analysis of impact dynamics of belt-sprocket tooth interface, the impact response, the friction-vibration interaction, and the airflow-induced acoustic wave are comprehensively modelled. The spectral signatures of the varied noise are quantified, and the case studies are given to illustrate the influences of the tooth parameters and operation conditions on noise. The noise due to belt span vibration under impact ranges from hundreds to several thousand Hz. The impact noise, friction-induced noise and airflow-induced noise of belt tooth ranges from 3 kHz to 10 kHz.