Study of Biopolymers and Paraffin as Potential Controlled-Release Carriers for Insect Pheromones

Atterholt, Cynthia A.; Delwiche, M. J.; Rice, R. E.; Krochta, John M.

doi:10.1021/jf980642u

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This was expected, because the model used does not consider swelling. It has been shown 7,8,10,11 that the effective rate of diffusion is higher than predicted, while there is sufficient solvent trapped in the matrix to increase the amount of free volume and thus the rate of diffusion. For this reason the model is expected to be more accurate at lower solvent loadings and less accurate at higher loadings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prediction of the release characteristics of alcohols from EVA using a model based on Fick's second law of diffusion

Krüger

Tolmay

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:This study evaluates the use of a simple mathematical model to predict release characteristics of volatile substances from polymer dispensers. The model can be used to simplify the design process of polymer dispensers, which is traditionally done by trial and error. The coefficients of diffusion, D, of four alcohols through EVA disks were determined with the time lag technique. The value of D was used to predict the residual mass of dispensers over time using a model based on Fick's second law of diffusion. Injection-molded dispensers containing 10% alcohol were prepared, and the release of the alcohol were monitored experimentally. The modeled results were compared to the experimental results. A good correlation was found between the predictions and the experimental results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prediction of the release characteristics of alcohols from EVA using a model based on Fick's second law of diffusion

Krüger

Tolmay

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is a proprietary microcrystalline wax formulation composed of biologically inert materials similar to those reported by Rice et al (1997) and Atterholt et al (1998). The active ingredient [93:6:1 blend of (Z)-8-dodecen-1-yl-acetate:(E)-8-dodecen-1-yl-acetate:(Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)] was incorporated at 10% by weight.…”

Section: Wax Formulation and Application Protocolmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recently, paraYn-wax dispensers were developed for releasing G. molesta pheromone (Atterholt 1996;Rice et al 1997;Atterholt et al 1998;Meissner et al 2000;de Lame 2003). These dispensers are biodegradable, inexpensive, and easy to produce (Stelinski et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Season-long mating disruption of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by one machine application of pheromone in wax drops (SPLAT-OFM)

et al. 2007

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A novel emulsiWed wax dispenser (SPLAT-OFM) of pheromone was evaluated in concert with a custom-built, tractor-mounted applicator, designed for fast application of dispensers for mating disruption of Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in apple. The formulation consisted of microcrystalline wax emulsiWed in water. It was loaded with G. molesta pheromone (93:6:1 blend of (Z)-8-dodecen-1-yl-acetate:(E)-8-dodecen-1-yl-acetate:(Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol) at 10% by weight. The hydraulically driven applicator dispensed the wax formulation as discrete particles from a rotating double-oriWce distributor positioned directly above the tree canopy. Wax-drop size averaged ( §SEM) 0.38 § 0.16 g and 4.3 § 0.5 drops adhered per tree. Following a single mechanized application of SPLAT-OFM on 24 April at 8 ml per tree (1.6 kg/ha) to 0.8 ha blocks of apple, male G. molesta orientation to optimally attractive pheromone traps was disrupted by 98% relative to untreated control plots for the whole season. Furthermore, on 17 weekly deployments of tethered virgin females (1,016 females deployed and 732 recovered for dissection) throughout the season, no mating was detected in SPLAT-OFMtreated blocks, while mating in control blocks averaged 27%. During the Wrst 17 days following deployment in sticky traps, SPLAT-OFM drops attracted ca. 1/46th of the number of male G. molesta attracted to optimized synthetic lures. However, following 17 days of Weld aging, SPLAT-OFM drops became equally attractive to optimized synthetic lures for the remainder of the season. The release rate of pheromone from wax drops 0-14 and 15-76 days following deployment averaged 21.4 and 5.3 g/h, respectively. The trapping and release rate data were consistent with competitive attraction as the mechanism mediating disruption. Shoot injury following the Wrst moth generation was sevenfold less in SPLAT-OFM treated blocks compared with controls and fruit injury at the end of the season in treated blocks was approximately half of that recorded in controls.

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“…However, problems may arise when the matrix does not preserve the pheromone and allows either too high a release that exhausts the dispenser too soon, or too low a release that is less than optimal primarily depending on the volatility of the components. Wax dollops and similar materials are increasingly being used to dispense pheromone from many sources in mating disruption (Atterholt et al 1998;Stelinski et al 2005Stelinski et al , 2007adeLame et al 2007). These systems allow various quantities to be dispensed at various densities in the field in order to optimize coverage, perhaps aided by EAR (effective attraction radius) and mass trapping/mating disruption models (Byers 2007(Byers , 2008El-Sayed et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sol–gel formulations for slow release of pheromones

Zada¹,

Falach²,

Byers

2009

Chemoecology

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A new type of dispenser for slow-release of sex pheromones and other semiochemicals was developed based on sol-gel polymers that can be useful for monitoring, mass trapping, and mating disruption in integrated pest management (IPM). Sol-gel matrices exhibit glass characteristics and allow control of the degree of crosslinking during the polymerization process in order to provide an optimal release rate for a particular pheromone. The advantages of sol-gel (silica) matrixes include keeping the added molecules chemically stable and enabling the sol-gel material to be applied in any desired thickness and pheromone quantity, and thereby readily modify release rates. In addition, sol-gels are primarily silica and water that are common in the environment and therefore safe for field dispensing. We developed a method for the entrapment of pheromones in sol-gel matrices that allowed release at an almost constant rate over many days in the field. For example, 2.5 mg (E)-5-decenyl acetate pheromone of peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella, entrapped in various sol-gel formulations released 14-45 lg/day for up to 28 days. The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) pheromone in sol-gels was used in field tests to capture more codling moth males than unbaited control traps. We describe how the method may be modified to entrap other types of pheromones by making sol-gels with different pore sizes.

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Study of Biopolymers and Paraffin as Potential Controlled-Release Carriers for Insect Pheromones

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Prediction of the release characteristics of alcohols from EVA using a model based on Fick's second law of diffusion

Prediction of the release characteristics of alcohols from EVA using a model based on Fick's second law of diffusion

Season-long mating disruption of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by one machine application of pheromone in wax drops (SPLAT-OFM)

Development of sol–gel formulations for slow release of pheromones

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