Study of calcification during a daily cycle of the coral<i>Stylophora pistillata</i>: implications for `light-enhanced calcification'

Moya, Aurélie; Tambutté, Sylvie; Tambutté, Éric; Zoccola, Didier; Caminiti, N.; Allemand, Denis

doi:10.1242/jeb.02382

Cited by 123 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Conversely, the concept of light-enhanced calcification has been well established (Kawaguti and Sakumoto 1948;Gordeau 1959;Goreau and Goreau 1959) and can increase coral calcification rates by three to ten times compared with rates in the dark Moya et al 2006). Light availability may also determine the susceptibility of reef building corals to pressures from OA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform

2014

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Experimental studies have shown that coral calcification rates are dependent on light, nutrients, food availability, temperature, and seawater aragonite saturation (X arag ), but the relative importance of each parameter in natural settings remains uncertain. In this study, we applied Calcein fluorescent dyes as time indicators within the skeleton of coral colonies (n = 3) of Porites astreoides and Diploria strigosa at three study sites distributed across the northern Bermuda coral reef platform. We evaluated the correlation between seasonal average growth rates based on coral density and extension rates with average temperature, light, and seawater X arag in an effort to decipher the relative importance of each parameter. The results show significant seasonal differences among coral calcification rates ranging from summer maximums of 243 ± 58 and 274 ± 57 mmol CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 to winter minimums of 135 ± 39 and 101 ± 34 mmol CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 for P. astreoides and D. strigosa, respectively. We also placed small coral colonies (n = 10) in transparent chambers and measured the instantaneous rate of calcification under light and dark treatments at the same study sites. The results showed that the skeletal growth of D. strigosa and P. astreoides, whether hourly or seasonal, was highly sensitive to X arag . We believe this high sensitivity, however, is misleading, due to covariance between light and X arag , with the former being the strongest driver of calcification variability. For the seasonal data, we assessed the impact that the observed seasonal differences in temperature (4.0°C), light (5.1 mol photons m -2 d -1 ), and X arag (0.16 units) would have on coral growth rates based on established relationships derived from laboratory studies and found that they could account for approximately 44, 52, and 5 %, respectively, of the observed seasonal change of 81 ± 14 mmol CaCO 3 m -2 d -1 . Using short-term light and dark incubations, we show how the covariance of light and X arag can lead to the false conclusion that calcification is more sensitive to X arag than it really is.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform

2014

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“…In this study when light levels were increased calcification usually ceased immediately for a period of hours then settled at a new level which could be higher or lower that the original. At higher light levels oxygen bubbles interfered with the experimental technique and the hyperbolic tangent relationship between irradiance and calcification rate found by Marubini et al (2004) or Moya et al (2006) could not be confirmed. Sandeman (2008a) showed that the Ca 2+ ATPase/proton pump may be light sensitive as suggested by Cohen & McConnaughey (2003) and proposed (Sandeman, 2008b) that H 2 O 2 produced by zooxanthellae in high light conditions makes the plasma membrane leaky to Ca 2+ with the result that more Ca 2+ could reach the ECM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Calcification rates of corals are commonly derived by buoyant weighing techniques (Davies, 1989), uptake of the radioactive isotope 45 Ca ( eg Moya et al 2006, Al-Horani, 2007, the alkalinity anomaly technique (Smith & Key, 1975) or using a sclero-chronological technique (eg by Gischler & Oschmann 2005). Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages, with some requiring destruction of the coral.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preliminary results with a torsion microbalance indicate that carbon dioxide and exposed carbonic anhydrase in the organic matrix are the basis of calcification on the skeleton surface of living corals

Sandeman

2015

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Ocean acidification is altering the calcification of corals, but the mechanism is still unclear. To explore what controls calcification, small pieces from the edges of thin plates of Agaricia agaricites were suspended from a torsion microbalance into gently stirred, temperature controlled, seawater. Net calcification rates were monitored while light, temperature and pH were manipulated singly. The living coral pieces were sensitive to changes in conditions, especially light, and calcification was often suspended for one or two hours or overnight. The mean calcification rate increased from 0.06 in the dark to 0.10 mg.h -1 .cm -2 (T test, n=8, p<0.01) in low light (15 μmol.s -1 .m -2 ) and showed a positive linear relationship with temperature. With a reduction of mean pH from 8.2 to 7.6 the mean calcification rate in the light (65 μmol.s -1 .m -2 ) increased from 0.19 to 0.28 mg.h -1 .cm -2 (T test, n=8, p<0.05) indicating a dependency on carbon dioxide. After waterpiking and exposure of the skeletal surface/organic matrix to seawater, calcification showed an astonishing initial increase of more than an order of magnitude then decreased following a non-linear generalised Michaelis-Menten growth curve and reached a steady rate. Calcification rate of the freshly waterpiked coral was not influenced by light and was positively correlated with temperature. For a mean pH reduction from 8.1 to 7.6 the mean calcification rate increased from 0.18 to 0.32 mg.h -1 .cm -2 (T test, n=11, p<0.02) again indicating a dependency on carbon dioxide. Calcification ceased in the presence of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor azolamide. Staining confirmed the presence of carbonic anhydrase, particularly on the ridges of septae. After immersion of waterpiked corals in seawater for 48 hours weight gain and loss became linear and positively correlated to temperature. When the mean pH was reduced from 8.2 to 7.5 the mean rate of weight gain decreased from 0.25 to 0.13 mg.h -1 .cm -2 (T test, n=6, p<0.05) indicating a dependence on carbonate. At a pH of 6.5 the skeleton lost weight at a rate of 1.8 mg.h -1 .cm -2 . The relationship between net calcification and pH (n=2) indicates that wt gain turns to loss at pH 7.4. These experiments confirm that calcification is a two-step process, involving secretion of a layer of organic matrix incorporating carbonic anhydrase to produce an active calcifying surface which uses carbon dioxide rather than carbonate. It is also unlikely that the calcifying surface is in direct contact with seawater. Inorganic deposition or dissolution of the skeleton in exposed dead areas of coral is a different phenomenon and is carbonate related. The wide range in results from this and other studies of calcification rate and carbon dioxide may be explainable in terms of the ratio of "live" to "dead" areas of coral. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 1): 109-126. Epub 2012 March 01.

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“…For most corals living in obligate endosymbiosis with unicellular dinoflagellate algae (genus Symbiodinium, or zooxanthellae), thermal stress can lead to the disruption of the photosymbiosis, temporary or permanent loss of microalgae from coral tissues and bleaching (Glynn 1996). As the main source of energy for reef-building corals is photosynthesis by Symbiodinium (e.g., Muscatine 1990), photoinhibition and symbiont loss (Lesser 2006) can have a severe impact on the energy supply (Muscatine 1990;Grottoli et al 2004), biomass (Fitt et al 2009), and calcification (Moya et al 2006) of the coral. Coral mortality can result if zooxanthellae numbers are not restored or if the coral is unable to meet its energy demands from other sources, i.e., stored energy reserves (Grottoli et al 2004) or heterotrophy (Grottoli et al 2006;Connolly et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-amplitude internal waves sustain coral health during thermal stress

et al. 2016

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Ocean warming is a major threat for coral reefs causing widespread coral bleaching and mortality. Potential refugia are thus crucial for coral survival. Exposure to large-amplitude internal waves (LAIW) mitigated heat stress and ensured coral survival and recovery during and after an extreme heat anomaly. The physiological status of two common corals, Porites lutea and Pocillopora meandrina, was monitored in host and symbiont traits, in response to LAIW-exposure throughout the unprecedented 2010 heat anomaly in the Andaman Sea. LAIW-exposed corals of both species survived and recovered, while LAIW-sheltered corals suffered partial and total mortality in P. lutea and P. meandrina, respectively. LAIW are ubiquitous in the tropics and potentially generate coral refuge areas. As thermal stress to corals is expected to increase in a warming ocean, the mechanisms linking coral bleaching to ocean dynamics will be crucial to predict coral survival on a warming planet.

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Study of calcification during a daily cycle of the coralStylophora pistillata: implications for `light-enhanced calcification'

Cited by 123 publications

References 34 publications

Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform

Multiple driving factors explain spatial and temporal variability in coral calcification rates on the Bermuda platform

Preliminary results with a torsion microbalance indicate that carbon dioxide and exposed carbonic anhydrase in the organic matrix are the basis of calcification on the skeleton surface of living corals

Large-amplitude internal waves sustain coral health during thermal stress

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