Study of catalytic behavior of KOH as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production

Agarwal, Madhu; Chauhan, Garima; Chaurasia, S.P.; Singh, Kanhaiya

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2011.06.003

Cited by 157 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The WFO is a virgin oil and was not subjected to any thermal treatment in comparison to WCO which was subjected to the frying process which affects the chemical composition of the oil significantly. However, the amount of the solid catalyst more than the optimum amount caused higher mass transfer resistance due to the highly viscous mixture, resulting in lower methyl ester yield (Agarwal, Chauhan, Chaurasia, & Singh, 2012;Takase et al, 2014). Findings obtained in the present study corroborate with those reported by other researchers (Agarwal et al, 2012;Fadhil et al, 2016b;Takase et al, 2014).…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parameterssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, the amount of the solid catalyst more than the optimum amount caused higher mass transfer resistance due to the highly viscous mixture, resulting in lower methyl ester yield (Agarwal, Chauhan, Chaurasia, & Singh, 2012;Takase et al, 2014). Findings obtained in the present study corroborate with those reported by other researchers (Agarwal et al, 2012;Fadhil et al, 2016b;Takase et al, 2014). Based on these data, the subsequent experiments were conducted using (3.5% w/w) of KOH/AC catalyst for WCO and (3.0% w/w) for WFO.…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parameterssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…% KOH/AC) for WFO, 60 C reaction temperature, 120 minutes of reaction period and 600 rpm rate of stirring. The conversion yield was found to be very low at the lower methanol to oil molar ratio (3:1) due to incompletion of the reaction as shown in Figure 3(b) (Agarwal et al, 2012;Takase et al, 2014). Since the transesterification is a reversible reaction, and the higher methanol to oil molar ratio pushes the reaction forward the products, the methyl ester yield increases progressively.…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Fadhil

Aziz

Altamer

2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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The present investigation reports transesterification of non-edible oils, waste cooking oil (WCO) and waste fish oil (WFO) with methanol using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a solid base catalyst. Activated carbon was prepared from polyethylene terephthalate waste and loaded with KOH by wet impregnation method to prepare KOH/AC solid base catalyst. X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize the resulting solid base catalyst. Retention method was utilized to measure the specific surface area of the activated carbon and its derived solid base catalyst, while Hammett indicator method was followed to determine the basic strength of the prepared solid base catalyst. The prepared catalyst has granular and porous structures with a high basicity and a superior catalytic performance for the transesterification reaction. Transesterification reaction variables were arranged to obtain the best biodiesel yield. The highest methyl ester yield from WCO (88.12% w/w with an ester content of 96.68% w/w) was obtained by employing 3.5 wt.% KOH/AC catalyst, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 65 C reaction temperature, the reaction time of 180 min and the stirring rate of 600 rpm, while maximum methyl ester yield from WFO (92.66% w/w with 96.98% w/w ester content) was produced with 3.0 wt.% KOH/AC catalyst, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at 65 C for 150 minutes of the reaction and 600 rpm. The prepared solid base catalyst was recoverable and thermally stable giving a yield of 70 wt.% after the 5th cycle. The fuel properties of the raw oils were significantly enhanced after transesterification with methanol in the presence of KOH/AC, and were in conformity with the ASTM D 6751 limits as well. Therefore, the prepared KOH/AC composite may be considered as a promising solid base catalyst for transesterification of non-edible oils with methanol. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parameterssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parameterssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Fadhil

Aziz

Altamer

2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…This is due to the agglomeration occurs because the excess of KOH alkaline led to a decrease in surface area of the catalyst, so that its activity is reduced. Besides, loading amount of KOH is high (30 wt%) caused the formation of a new phase (Al-OK) which has properties alkalinity and catalytic activity is lower than the phase K 2 O 4,7,9 . Mole ratio of methanol:oil also affects to biodiesel product where in the mole ratio of methanol: oil 15:1 affects to declining on the conversion of biodiesel products due to the separation of the glycerol becomes more difficult 7 .…”

Section: Palm Oil Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of base KOH combined with supported material (alumina, NaY, MCM-4, zeolite) as heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification process is more promising. It has been used by several researchers [7][8][9][10] . Transesterification process of palm oil using continuous reactor, KOH/bentonite catalyst variated on KOH amount and impregnated as much as 5-25 wt%, has been successfully done.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kalium Hydroxide/Zirconia Pillared Bentonite for Palm Oil Transesterification

Utubira¹,

Wijaya²,

Triyono³

et al. 2018

Orient. J. Chem

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The aim of this study is to produce biodiesel from palm oil using heterogeneous catalyst i.e. KOH/ZrO 2 -Bentonite. The catalyst was prepared through KOH impregnation on ZrO 2 -Bentonite with a ratio between KOH:ZrO 2 -Bentonite was 20-30 wt%. Afterwards, it was followed by the heating process using microwave radiation 700 W for 10 minutes Based on the result of the characterization using XRD, Gas Sorption Analyzer, FTIR and SEM-EDX, the best performance for the ratio of KOH:ZrO 2 -Bentonite of the process was on 25 wt%. The catalytic activity test on palm oil transesterification resulted methyl ester as much as 81% on the reaction condition of 65 o C for three hours. In addition, the amount of catalyst-used was as much as 3% of the oil weight. The result of ASTM test showed that the methyl ester product from palm oil fulfills the National Test Standard for Diesel Oil referring to SNI 04-7182-2006.

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Advances in Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats

Rashid

Hazmi

2022

Biodiesel Production

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Study of catalytic behavior of KOH as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production

Cited by 157 publications

References 25 publications

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Kalium Hydroxide/Zirconia Pillared Bentonite for Palm Oil Transesterification

Advances in Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats

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