2021
DOI: 10.1007/s40033-021-00312-y
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Study of CCLW, Alumina and the Mixture of Alumina- and CCLW-Reinforced Aluminum-Based Composite Material with and Without Mechanical Alloying

Abstract: Chrome buffing dust and chrome-containing leather waste (CCLW) are produced from leather industries. In this study, extraction of chromium has been carried out from CCLW. Extracted collagen powder and alumina particles were ball-milled for 100 h. The average density of alumina content and ball-milled collagen was reduced from 3.725 g/cm 3 to 3.68 g/cm 3 . The mixture of collagen and alumina content was obtained in a single entity after ballmilling. Agglomeration of collagen powder was found when the mixture of… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…The rapid drop in flexural strength is attributed to the development of widening fractures around 1000 °C. The connection between aggregate and cement pastes is weakened by shrinkage produced by the evaporation of free water and chemically bound water from the cement paste [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. The flexural strength of concrete samples tested at elevated temperatures increased by 15.6% with a 10% replacement of marble dust and foundry sand in the case of quenching up to 400 °C elevated temperature and then decreased by 51.7% with an increase in temperature ranging from 600 °C to 1000 °C.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The rapid drop in flexural strength is attributed to the development of widening fractures around 1000 °C. The connection between aggregate and cement pastes is weakened by shrinkage produced by the evaporation of free water and chemically bound water from the cement paste [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. The flexural strength of concrete samples tested at elevated temperatures increased by 15.6% with a 10% replacement of marble dust and foundry sand in the case of quenching up to 400 °C elevated temperature and then decreased by 51.7% with an increase in temperature ranging from 600 °C to 1000 °C.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The coefficient of permeability of concrete made with 2% soap solution showed a significant reduction compared to mix M1 and this may be due to the hydrophobic action of soap solution in concrete which repels the water ingress. The coefficient of permeability of concrete made with different percentages of RHA (5%, 10% and 15%) compared to that of concrete made with 1% soap solution shows higher coefficient of permeability whereas when compared with 2 percent soap solution no significant change is observed [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. A plot is made between coefficient of permeability of concrete and different percentage RHA for 1 and 2 percent of soap solution as shown in Figure 7 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are several minified curves at around 3000 cm −1 to 2800 cm −1 . This minified broad spectrum is also a part of the –OH groups bond in the material [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. The other functional group present in the ABS material after the treatment with acetone was the aromatic compounds bond, as we can see peaks of the curves at around 1600 cm −1 to 1400 cm −1 .…”
Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The optimal settings are as follows: A1B2C2 for the greatest change in surface roughness and A1B1C1 for the circularity as obtained from the response table for signal-to-noise ratios i.e., Table 6 and Table 8 . A measurement recurrence technique was implemented, and the investigational results were compared to the theoretically predicted values [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. The values of the SN ratios for surface roughness and circularity could be computed under ideal conditions using Equations: Ƞ opt = M ΔRa + (M A1 − M ΔRa ) + (M B2 − M ΔRa ) + (M C2 − M ΔRa ) here, M ΔRa = mean of SN ratios of ΔRa = −84.7839 (mean of column No.…”
Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%