“…19 According to recent research, the use of lead (Pb) halide perovskite structured materials in LED devices has been reported to deliver better LED performance. 20,21 However, the instability and toxicity of Pb-based perovskite are highly debated as risking human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, perovskite oxide, which has excellent photoluminescent properties, such as strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) 22,23 and barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), 24,25 could be the derivatives to replace Pb-based perovskite in fabricating LED devices.…”