Study of commercial wood charcoals for the preparation of carbon adsorbents

Pastor-Villegas, J.; Pastor-Valle, J.F.; Rodríguez, J.M. Meneses; García, M. García

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2005.08.002

Cited by 84 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…C and 250° C due to degradation of the cellulose and to a lesser extent lignin, which begins to degrade between 220° C and 260° C (Pastor-Villegas et al, 2006;Libra et al, 2011;Reza et al, 2013).…”

Section: 1hydrothermal Carbonisation Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of inorganic material during hydrothermal carbonisation of biomass: Influence of feedstock on combustion behaviour of hydrochar

Smith

Singh

Ross

2016

Fuel

299

151

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A series of high moisture content biomass have been processed by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) in a batch reactor at two temperatures (200 °C and 250 °C). The feedstocks processed include food waste, secondary sewage sludge, AD press cake, microalgae, macroalgae and a fibre derived from municipal derived wastes. In addition, three lignocellulosic biomass including miscanthus, willow and oak wood have been processed under identical conditions. The yields and properties of the resulting hydrochars including their HHV, CHNS, mineral content and ash fusibility properties have been determined and compared with their starting biomass. Typical char yields for lignocellulosic material range between 58-70 wt% at 200 °C and reduce to 40-46 wt% at 250 °C. The behaviour and mass balance is however very feedstock dependent and the higher lignin biomass produce higher yields of hydrochar. There is a significant upgrading of the energy density of the hydrochars with calculated HHV ranging from typically 24 MJkg -1 at 200 °C to 28-31 MJkg -1 at 250 °C for lignocellulosic material. The exception is for sewage sludge and AD press cake which result in a significant solubilisation of organic matter. A significant removal of alkali metals is observed and this in turn changes the ash chemistry upon combustion. This change in ash chemistry has been shown to change the ash melting behaviour and the hemisphere temperatures (oxidizing conditions) were seen to increase substantially. A number of predictive slagging and fouling indices have been used to evaluate the influence of the ash chemistry on the fuel combustion behaviour and this combined with the ash fusion testing has shown that HTC reduces the potential fouling and slagging in some of the resulting hydochars if combusted.

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Section: 1hydrothermal Carbonisation Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of inorganic material during hydrothermal carbonisation of biomass: Influence of feedstock on combustion behaviour of hydrochar

Smith

Singh

Ross

2016

Fuel

299

151

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“…A glass cylinder was filled with biochar particles. The filled volume and mass of biochar in the cylinder were used to calculate the biochar bulk density (Pastor-Villegas et al 2006). Bulk densities were 1.22, 0.60, 0.60, 0.59, 0.29, 0.41, and 0.38 g cm -3 for the soil and biochars DL, DM, DH, WL, WM, and WH, respectively.…”

Section: Soil Collection and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of amendment of different biochars on soil carbon mineralisation and sequestration

Ouyang

Zhang

2014

Soil Res.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of addition of different biochars on soil carbon mineralisation and sequestration. Different biochars were produced from two types of feedstock, fresh dairy manure and pine tree woodchip, each of which was pyrolysed at 300, 500, and 7008C. Each biochar was mixed at 5% (w/w) with a forest loamy soil and the mixture was incubated at 258C for 180 days, during which soil physicochemical properties and soil carbon mineralisation were measured. Results showed that the biochar addition increased soil carbon mineralisation at the early stage (within the first 15 days) because biochar brought available organic carbon to the soil and changed associated soil properties, such increasing soil pH and microbial activity. The largest increase in soil carbon mineralisation at the beginning of incubation was induced by the dairy manure biochar pyrolysed at 3008C. Soil carbon mineralisation was enhanced more significantly by the dairy manure biochars than by the woodchip biochars, and the enhancement effect decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Although the biochar addition induced increased soil carbon mineralisation at the beginning of the incubation, soil carbon mineralisation rates decreased sharply within a short time (within 15 days) and then remained very low afterwards. Carbon mineralisation kinetic modelling indicated that the stable organic matter in biochars could be sequestrated in soil for a long time and resulted in high levels of carbon sequestration, especially for the woodchip biochars pyrolysed from higher temperatures.

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“…Electrical conductivity of a 1 g biochar: 10 ml deionised water solution was measured using a electrical conductivity meter (Blakemore et al 1987). The biochar particle density was measured using a conventional pycnometer (density bottle) and displacement with kerosene (Rasul et al 1999) while bulk density was measured using mercury displacement (Pastor-Villegas et al 2006). Surface acidity of biochar was determined with Boehm titration (Boehm 1994) and the specific surface area of the biochar was determined using the iodine absorption method (ASTM 2009).…”

Section: Soil and Biochar Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable

et al. 2011

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Biochar is produced as a by-product of the low temperature pyrolysis of biomass during bioenergy extraction and its incorporation into soil is of global interest as a potential carbon sequestration tool. Biochar influences soil nitrogen transformations and its capacity to take up ammonia is well recognized. Anthropogenic emissions of ammonia need to be mitigated due to negative environmental impacts and economic losses. Here we use an isotope of nitrogen to show that ammonia-N adsorbed by biochar is stable in ambient air, but readily bioavailable when placed in the soil. When biochars, containing adsorbed 15 N labelled ammonia, were incorporated into soil the 15 N recovery by roots averaged 6.8% but ranged from 26.1% to 10.9% in leaf tissue due to differing biochar properties with plant 15 N recovery greater when acidic biochars were used to capture ammonia. Recovery of 15 N as total soil nitrogen (organic+inorganic) ranged from 45% to 29% of 15 N applied. We provide a proof of concept for a synergistic mitigation option where anthropogenic ammonia emissions could be captured using biochar, and made bioavailable in soils, thus leading to nitrogen capture by crops, while simultaneously sequestering carbon in soils.

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Study of commercial wood charcoals for the preparation of carbon adsorbents

Cited by 84 publications

References 17 publications

Fate of inorganic material during hydrothermal carbonisation of biomass: Influence of feedstock on combustion behaviour of hydrochar

Fate of inorganic material during hydrothermal carbonisation of biomass: Influence of feedstock on combustion behaviour of hydrochar

Effects of amendment of different biochars on soil carbon mineralisation and sequestration

Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable

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