Study of Component Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Ophthalmic Emulsion Based on the Safflower Flowers (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants has increased significantly in recent years. More than 80% of the world’s population uses medicinal plants to treat themselves. Many antibacterial and anti-inflammatory synthetic drugs are available in medical practice. However, recent tendency of increasing capability of resistance of bacteria to usage of antibacterial drugs of different groups is taking place. Considering the wide range of pharmacological and antimicrobial activity of safflower flower extracts and available vitamins in their composition, it was decided to create a preparation based on the CO2 extract of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the form of an ophthalmic emulsion. The aim of this research is to study the composition and antimicrobial activity of the extract and ophthalmic emulsion drops against test strains of microorganisms. The subject of this study is the ophthalmic emulsions from flowers of Kazakhstan species of “Akmai” safflower, collected in the flowering stage in southern Kazakhstan in August 2021. The component composition was determined using gas chromatography with the Agilent 7890A/5975C mass spectrometry technique. A study of the antimicrobial activity of the ophthalmic emulsion drop extracts was performed with two strains of Gram-positive bacteria, one strain of Gram-negative bacteria, and one culture of fungi. The following biologically active substances were determined from the GC-MS results: tridecane 94%, tricosane 93%, hexacosane 93%, dodecanoic acid 92%, pentacosane 91%, and linoleic acid 63.7%. The investigated emulsion-type eye drop shows bactericidal activity against S. aureus ATCC 6538-P, where the zone of growth suppression under the ophthalmic emulsion action corresponded to 9.0 ± 0.0 mm. The tested ophthalmic emulsion drops show the presumed biological activity against conditionally pathogenic bacteria. The results of chromatographic analysis and antimicrobial activity of the tested samples indicate the prospects for their further study for use as anti-infectious (anti-inflammatory) agents in medicine.

Optimal Ways of Safflower Oil Production with Improvement of Press Equipment

“…The seeds of the safflower variety Akmai, obtained from samples in the World Safflower Collection at the Red Falls breeding station, were used for pressing [ 47 ]. This safflower variety ( Figure 1 ) was grown in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan on experimental crops managed by the S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.…”

Genetic diversity, clinical uses, and phytochemical and pharmacological properties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): an important medicinal plant

“…Safflower is best known as "kusum" (in India and Pakistan), a term derived from the Sanskrit word "kusumbha." Meanwhile, this crop is known as "Golrang" in Iran and "honghua" (red flower) in China (Abuova et al, 2022). The use of safflower by humans dates back to ancient times; remains have been found at an archaeological site in Syria, believed to be from 7500 B.C.…”

“…Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative diseases. Safflower petal extracts have been shown free radical scavenging and neuroprotective effects (Abuova et al, 2022). The safflower flavonoid extract (SAFE) showed significant anti-PD effects, which might be due to the anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids (Lei et al, 2020).…”

“…As for Amenorrhoea, it is regarded as a kind of menstrual disorder in a woman of reproductive age, due to an abnormality in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, anatomical abnormalities of the genital tract or functional causes (Ghadirkhomi et al, 2022). Nowadays, many medicinal plants and their derivatives have been traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of different types of diseases and disorders, with high healing but minor toxic side effects (Abuova et al, 2022). Among those plants, safflower is effective for some typical public health problems.…”

Non-medicinal parts of safflower (bud and stem) mediated sustainable green synthesis of silver nanoparticles under ultrasonication: optimization, characterization, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potential

“…41,42 In China, the flowers of safflower are widely used in Chinese herbal preparations due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, and they contain vitamins A and E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, and other biologically active substances in large quantities. 43–46 The progression of some diseases like myopia (especially in children), trachoma, senile cataracts, symptoms of depression, cardiovascular disease and skin tumors have been successfully retarded by safflower or its mixtures with other herbs. 47,48 On the basis of its ingredients and medicinal effects, safflower has been used to fabricate bioactive AgNPs.…”