Study of Damaging Factors of Contemporary War, Leading to the Limb Loss

Temporary arterial shunts in combat patient with vascular injuries to extremities wounded in Russian-Ukrainian war: A case report

“…A 34 years old male received a gunshot injury to both low extremities on March 23rd, 2022 in a battlefield area 30 km away from Kyiv city. Management of the patient was performed according to medical military doctrine of Ukraine, which is included 5 Levels of medical care [5] , [7] . To stop the bleeding CAT tourniquet was applied and the patient was transported to Level II by ambulance 40 min after the injury, which is in line with the principle of “golden hour” [1] , [5] .…”

“…Such kind of injury is associated with a high risk of critical ischemia, limb amputation, and high morbidity [4] . Ongoing warfare is associated with frequent applications of multiple-launch rocket systems and other high-energy weapons causing massive soft tissue and internal organ damage, limb amputations, longer treatment and rehabilitation time, or lethal outcomes [1] , [5] , [6] . A frequent violation of the international law for humanitarian treatment during the war by the Russian army is associated with problems of the safe evacuation of injured people to appropriate Levels of medical care and interrupted supply of medical equipment, due to frequent artillery strikes on medical facilities.…”

Retained bullet in the neck after gunshot wounds to the chest and arm in combat patient injured in the war in Ukraine: A case report

“…A gunshot wound is the most common injury in armed conflicts, resulting in severe trauma and increased morbidity usually due to damage to major vessels [1] , [2] , [3] . Since 2014 Russia aggression against Ukraine has been ongoing as a hybrid war with the subsequent beginning of active fights on February, 24th 2022 [4] .…”

Pulmonary artery embolism by a metal fragment after a booby trap explosion in a combat patient injured in the armed conflict in East Ukraine: a case report and review of the literature

“…Various types of high-energy weapons are applied against the Armed Forces of Ukraine such as artillery, multiple launch rocket systems as well as land mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The application of high-energy weapons is associated with severe injury of the military personnel, which frequently results with thoracoabdominal trauma or extremity amputations [ 5 ].…”