Study of Determinants of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the 50 Years and Older Population- A Comparative Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND To study the determinants of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the 50 years and older population. Combating blindness has always been a challenge to all ophthalmologists all over the world. Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) along with cataract and glaucoma, form a significant triad of aetiology associated with development of blindness. We wanted to study the determinants of age-related macular degeneration in the 50 years and older population. METHODS Ours was a comparative study of 218 patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups. 109 patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration were in Group 1 whereas 109 patients without Age-Related Macular Degeneration were in Group 2 (Control Group). All patients underwent a comprehensive ocular examination as well as retinal evaluation. Detailed lab investigations further helped us in reaching to the probable factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. RESULTS 144 patients (66%) out of 218 patients were in the age group of 61-80 years. Our study had 115 females (52.8%) as compared to 103 males (47.2%). 76.1% patients were residing in rural areas, hypertension was associated in 36 (33%), smoking was seen in 28 (12.8%) patients. Dyslipidaemia, hypertension, renal diseases, alcohol intake, exposure to sunlight were other associated determinants of age-related macular degeneration in our study. CONCLUSIONS Results of our study shows that all elderly persons coming with diminution of vision should be screened for age-related macular degeneration and determinants of age-related macular degeneration should also be kept in mind while managing the patients of age-related macular degeneration.