Study of dielectric response of PMR-15 resin during cure

Stéphan, F.; Seytre, Gérard; Boiteux, Gisèle; Ulański, Jacek

doi:10.1016/0022-3093(94)90613-0

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The experimental details of the dc measurements were published elsewhere [3][4][5]111 and those of the TOF investigations are given in [I]. According to the TOF concept, the dc voltage initially was applied to the sample in one direction for a long period in order to accumulate the mobile ions in the vicinity of the ion-blocking electrodes (polarization).…”

Section: Experimental 21 Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-of-flight ion mobility measurements in epoxy-amine systems during curing

Friedrich

Ulański

Boiteux

et al. 2001

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The technique based on the time-of-flight (TOF) concept was proposed for determination of ion mobility in epoxy resins under isothermal curing conditions. This study extends our earlier investigations on this subject. Ionic conductivity dc measurements also were carried out in order to get better understanding of the evolution of the ionic conductivity and mobility, The experiments have been performed for selected epoxy-amine systems that gellify and vitrify: diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with 4,4'-methylenebis [3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline] (MCDEA) and for reacting medium that gellify only: diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol (DGEBD) with 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecane diamine (4D). The differences found between the time dependency of the ionic conductivity and mobility during curing are explained by the decrease of the concentration of ionic charge carriers during the reaction. We conclude that the decrease of the ionic charge carrier density during the reaction, limits the applicability of the basic assumption of electrical techniques for reaction monitoring, that the ionic conductivity is related directly to the medium viscosity.

show abstract

Section: Experimental 21 Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-of-flight ion mobility measurements in epoxy-amine systems during curing

Friedrich

Ulański

Boiteux

et al. 2001

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The experimental details of DC measurements were published elsewhere [3,4,13,23], the basics of DMA techniques can be found in [24], whereas the backgrounds and the experimental conditions of ToF measurements in [18][19][20].…”

Section: Testing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several non-electric techniques for cure monitoring have been proposed, for example: mechanical analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6], near infrared spectroscopy [5,7], DSC [5,[8][9][10][11][12] or viscosity [1,2,4,7,9] measurements. Among the in situ electric techniques we may recall dielectrometry (AC technique) [3][4][5][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], impedancometry [7,17] or direct-current measurements (DC investigations) [3,13,18]. However, for the realization of the real-time control of chemical reactions in the reactive media by electrical measurements the fundamental correlations between dielectric response (electrical response depends on the nature, the concentration and the mobility of charge carriers as well as the dipole relaxations) and corresponding physicochemical changes (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal curing of epoxy resins as seen by direct current and rheological measurements

Friedrich¹,

Ulański

Boiteux³

et al. 2006

Polimery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isothermal curing of epoxy resins as seen by direct current and rheological measurements Summary-The investigations of epoxy-amine systems' curing were carried out by direct-current (DC) measurements in order to get better understanding of the evolutions of ionic conductivity and viscosity in the reactive medium. This study extends our earlier DC and ion mobility investigations (Time-of-Flight method) on this subject. The additional rheological examinations (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) have allowed to determine the correlations between evolution of electric and viscoelastic properties such as dynamic viscosity. The experiments have been carried out for the epoxy-amine reacting system that gelates and vitrifies: diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with 4,4'-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline) (DGEBA-MCDA) and for the reacting system that gelates only: diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol with 4,9-dioxa-1,12-dodecane diamine (DGEBD-4D). An inconsistency between the time dependence of ionic conductivity and viscosity was explained by the fact that the concentration of the mobile ion charge carriers is decreasing with the advancement of reaction. This observation lead to the conclusion of limited application of the electric techniques for the direct in situ monitoring of chemical reactions.

show abstract

“…The application of dielectric NDT monitoring of cure has been reported for a variety of different materials including: wood panels [6][7][8], cement [9], rubber vulcanization [10], polyimides [11,12], acrylic resins [13,14], polyesters [15][16][17], and isocyanates [18]. Dielectric NDT studies have been reported using epoxy resins applied in resin transfer moulding [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], coatings manufacture and application [26][27][28], injection moulding [29,30], adhesive bonding [31], microwave processing [29], autoclave processing [32,33], and pultrusion [34].…”

Section: Application Of Dielectric Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric non-destructive testing approach to cure monitoring of adhesives and composites

Garden

Hayward

Pethrick

2007

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the fabrication of many composite and adhesively bonded structures it is desirable to determine the extent to which complete cure is achieved. This review briefly discusses the fundamental issues which are involved in the monitoring of the cure process in thermoset resins. The application of the dielectric method is described as a non-destructive probe for the monitor of the cure process in thermoset resin systems. The principles of the technique are illustrated with reference to a simple epoxy-amine structural adhesive. Possible correlations between the changes in the dielectric properties with other physical property changes of a resin, e.g. viscosity, during cure are discussed.

show abstract

Study of dielectric response of PMR-15 resin during cure

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Time-of-flight ion mobility measurements in epoxy-amine systems during curing

Time-of-flight ion mobility measurements in epoxy-amine systems during curing

Isothermal curing of epoxy resins as seen by direct current and rheological measurements

Dielectric non-destructive testing approach to cure monitoring of adhesives and composites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About