Study of Endometrial Pathology in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in a Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the commonest presenting symptom in gynaecology out-patient department. Endometrial sampling could be effectively used as the first diagnostic step in AUB, although at times, its interpretation could be quite challenging to the practicing pathologists. This study was done to evaluate histopathology of endometrium for identifying the endometrial causes of AUB. We also tried to observe the incidence of various pathology in different age groups presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a study done at Vijayanagara institute of medical sciences Bellary. 368 cases of isolated endometrial lesions diagnosed on histopathology were selected for the final analyses. A statistical analysis between age of presentation and specific endometrial causes was done using χ2 test. RESULTS: The most common age group presenting with AUB was 41-50 years (32.88%). The commonest pattern in these patients was normal cycling endometrium (35.53%). The commonest pathology irrespective of the age group was disordered proliferative pattern (20.65%). Other causes identified were complications of pregnancy (22.82%), benign endometrial polyp (11.41%), endometrial hyperplasias (5.97%), carcinomas (4.34%) and chronic endometritis (4.07%). Endometrial causes of AUB and age pattern was statistically significant with P value <0.05. CONCLUSION: There is an age specific association of endometrial lesions. In perimenopausal women AUB is most commonly dysfunctional in origin and in reproductive age group, one should first rule out complications of pregnancy. The incidence of disordered proliferative pattern was significantly high in this study, suggesting an early presentation of these patients.