Study of Epidemiological Factors in Cryptosporidiosis in Children With Diarrhoea

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Cryptosporidium has emerged as one of the major parasitic agents as a cause of diarrhoea in children. Various epidemiological factors have been described by different workers. Aims: This study was done to determine different epidemiological factors incriminated in cryptosporidiosis. Methods: Stool samples from 240 children with diarrhoea were examined for presence of Cryptosporidium. Wet mount examination, modified ZiehlNeelsen (Z.N.) and Safranine-methylene blue staining methods were performed. For 177 samples, ELISA was also done. Detailed history of patients regarding their socioeconomic status and various sociodemographic factors was taken. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square and z tests were used to compare differences between the groups. A p value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Majority of patients were in Class IV socioeconomic group. Top-feeding, use of insanitary wells for drinking purposes, close association with animals, field defaecation and residence in rural areas were different factors that contributed to the spread of infection. Oocysts were present in 21 children on different staining procedures and 23 were positive by ELISA. Conclusion: Different sociodemographic factors like improper sanitation practices, drinking contaminated water, early withdrawal of breast feeding and close intimacy with animals are various factors that can enhance the spread of infection in community. Preventive measures are of great importance in control of spread of infection as there is no specific therapy for cryptosporidiosis.