Study of ferrous corrosion products on iron archaeological objects by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD)

Azoulay, I.; Conforto, Egle; Refait, Philippe; Rémazeilles, C.

doi:10.1007/s00339-012-7174-1

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These corresponded with bands of a goethite corrosion product (α-FeOOH), as shown in Fig. 6d [43][44][45]. Soil minerals and goethite were observed in the microstructure of this layer by SEM and OM ( Fig.…”

Section: The Characterization Of the Corrosion Layermentioning

confidence: 92%

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Characterization of the microstructural features and the rust layers of an archaeological iron sword in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (380–500 A.D.)

2019

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In this paper, a sword is investigated from a collection of archaeological iron swords displayed in the Egyptian Museum from the civilization centered on Ballana and Qustul in Egyptian Nubia (380-600 A.D.). A range of metallographic analytical techniques have been used to characterize the sword's metallic structure and its rust crust. The results revealed that the sword was made of low-carbon steel and corrosion products formed on the surface are iron sulfate, iron oxides/hydroxides including goethite, maghemite, magnetite, lepidocrocite, akaganeite and ferric chloride. The investigation also revealed that the rust crust constituted of two corrosion layers: a dense layer and a transformed medium. Crystals of soil minerals were clearly observed in the outer corrosion layer. Moreover, several microstructural features were detected, indicating the stage of deterioration and the features of metallurgy of this sword. Furthermore, the obtained results have been used to select appropriate conservation procedures for preventing degradation in the future and ensuring its reliable restoration.

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Section: The Characterization Of the Corrosion Layermentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The fact that slag inclusions contain fayalite in ancient metals is well known and widely published [32,33]. The expulsion of slag in ancient smelting furnaces (bloomer furnaces) was never perfect [45]. Therefore, slag inclusions are commonly found in the microstructure of archaeological iron artifacts.…”

Section: The Characterization Of the Corrosion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the microstructural features and the rust layers of an archaeological iron sword in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (380–500 A.D.)

2019

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“…However, it has been predicted that the duration of this stage will last less than 100 years: oxygen will be actively consumed by corrosion of the materials and probably microbial activities and an anoxic environment will be insured (De Windt et al, 2014). When water will be in contact with the system, the corrosion of the steel overpack in a reductive environment could lead to the precipitation of iron oxides and iron carbonates such as magnetite, siderite, chukanovite and a considerable amount of iron release in the solution (Azoulay et al, 2013;Neff et al, 2005;Saheb et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of iron on the alteration of the SON68 nuclear glass in the Callovo-Oxfordian groundwater

Echave

Tribet

Gin

et al. 2019

Applied Geochemistry

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On the French disposal concept, the high level radioactive waste, contained in a glassy structure, is intended for a deep geological disposal. It is then important to understand glass alteration, which depends on the near-field materials and the environmental conditions. The carbon steel overpack corrosion (used in the French multi-barrier concept for the disposal of high level radioactive waste) could influence glass alteration by the release of iron in the solution and the formation of iron corrosion products. To better understand these interactions, different experiments were performed using a SON68 glass (non-radioactive surrogate of the R7T7 glass)

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“…The iron artefacts show a high tendency to oxidation, and archaeological objects are found completely transformed in magnetite and goethite; sometimes, they totally disintegrate in storage and cannot be reassembled …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of surface analysis in the strategies for conservation of metallic artefacts from the Mediterranean Basin

Angelini

Batmaz

et al. 2014

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Conservation and valorization of cultural heritage is a fundamental element and an essential mission of the Mediterranean countries where most of the ancient and fascinating witnesses of human art and creativity are conserved. A large component of this cultural heritage consists of material cultural assets that are often exposed to harmful long‐term effects of environmental pollution, inappropriate handling, and intrinsic chemical–physical instability. Many risks can be mitigated, provided that there is a proper knowledge of the materials involved and of their degradation processes and adequate means to counteract these processes or to restore the materials. The employment of surface analysis can be extremely useful for the development of both tailored conservation procedures and methodologies as a function of the different degradation mechanisms that affect the artefacts, as well as for the monitoring of the conservation state and the identification of the manufacturing techniques. Several metallic artefacts coming from different archaeological sites of the Mediterranean Basin have been examined: weapons found during the excavation of the Ayanis fortress of the Urartu civilization (Lake Van, Anatolia, Turkey) and silver and bronze artefacts found at Tharros (Italy), a Phoenician–Carthaginian and then Roman city located along the Sardinian coast. They have been studied by means of the combined use of selected area X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy + energy dispersive spectrometry. The surface analysis techniques are able to give important contributions in the identification of chloride ions that may dramatically affect the chemical–physical stability of the copper‐based artefacts, thus allowing developing proper conservation strategies, as well as in the identification of the presence of mercury on gilded artefacts, thus giving information on the manufacturing technique. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Study of ferrous corrosion products on iron archaeological objects by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD)

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Characterization of the microstructural features and the rust layers of an archaeological iron sword in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (380–500 A.D.)

Characterization of the microstructural features and the rust layers of an archaeological iron sword in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (380–500 A.D.)

Influence of iron on the alteration of the SON68 nuclear glass in the Callovo-Oxfordian groundwater

The role of surface analysis in the strategies for conservation of metallic artefacts from the Mediterranean Basin

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