Study of Flowering Pattern in <i>Setaria viridis</i>, a Proposed Model Species for C4 Photosynthesis Research

Rizal, Govinda; Acebron, Kelvin; Mogul, Reychelle; Karki, Shanta; Larazo, Nikki; Quick, W. Paul

doi:10.1155/2013/592429

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To ensure that this was not due to differences between the classifiers, we evaluated the calls of the InceptionV3cnn classifier of the first and last image in the light, which confirmed that of the flowers identified as opened during the night. This observation is in agreement with a previous report that flower opening is predominantly restricted to the nighttime hours in S. viridis (Rizal et al, 2013 ). Further evaluation of the specific period in the night when the highest rate of TAA occurs indicates unique temporal differences between the varieties (Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…In a study that developed a crossing method for the common lab variety of S viridis , A10, Jiang et al showed that TAA was primarily restricted to 1 h after dawn (Jiang et al, 2013 ). Another study analyzed TAA in the A10 variety, imaging of panicles at 1 min intervals over the course of 3 days and concluded that the majority of TAA in A10 takes place at night (Rizal et al, 2013 ). However, light and touch may induce flower opening (Kobayasi, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Net Classification Combined With Movement Analysis to Evaluate Setaria viridis as a Model System for Time of Day of Anther Appearance

et al. 2018

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In many plant species, the time of day at which flowers open to permit pollination is tightly regulated. Proper time of flower opening, or Time of Day of Anther Appearance (TAA), may coordinate flowering opening with pollinator activity or may shift temperature sensitive developmental processes to cooler times of the day. The genetic mechanisms that regulate the timing of this process in cereal crops are unknown. To address this knowledge gap, it is necessary to establish a monocot model system that exhibits variation in TAA. Here, we examine the suitability of Setaria viridis, the model for C4 photosynthesis, for such a role. We developed an imaging system to monitor the temporal regulation of growth, flower opening time, and other physiological characteristics in Setaria. This system enabled us to compare Setaria varieties Ames 32254, Ames 32276, and PI 669942 variation in growth and daily flower opening time. We observed that TAA occurs primarily at night in these three Setaria accessions. However, significant variation between the accessions was observed for both the ratio of flowers that open in the day vs. night and the specific time of day where the rate is maximal. Characterizing this physiological variation is a requisite step toward uncovering the molecular mechanisms regulating TAA. Leveraging the regulation of TAA could provide researchers with a genetic tool to improve crop productivity in new environments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Net Classification Combined With Movement Analysis to Evaluate Setaria viridis as a Model System for Time of Day of Anther Appearance

et al. 2018

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“…Panicles of Setaria species are protected by tough bristles that may trap potential microbial carriers like insects, air-borne particles and water droplets. However, colonization through open spikelets is limited by a narrow time frame, as anthesis happens only once per spikelet, lasts for short periods of time (60 min) and occurs only at night and when temperatures are low ( Rizal et al, 2013 ). Colonization of panicle endospheres may also occur through pollinators or injuries caused by phloem-feeding insects ( Aleklett et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colonization of panicle endospheres may also occur through pollinators or injuries caused by phloem-feeding insects ( Aleklett et al, 2014 ). Although Setaria species are considered to be wind pollinated, Rizal et al (2013) showed that potential pollinators were attracted to panicle tissues just prior to anthesis. Furthermore, the presence of rOTUs classified as insect endosymbionts like Buchnera in our data set suggests that Setaria samples in this study once served as host for phloem-feeding aphids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roots and Panicles of the C4 Model Grasses Setaria viridis (L). and S. pumila Host Distinct Bacterial Assemblages With Core Taxa Conserved Across Host Genotypes and Sampling Sites

et al. 2018

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Virtually all studied plant tissues are internally inhabited by endophytes. Due to their relevance for plant growth and health, bacterial microbiota of crop plants have been broadly studied. In plant microbiome research the root is the most frequently addressed environment, whereas the ecology of microbiota associated with reproductive organs still demands investigation. In this work, we chose the model grasses Setaria viridis and Setaria pumila to better understand the drivers shaping bacterial communities associated with panicles (representing a reproductive organ) as compared to those associated with roots. We collected wild individuals of both grass species from 20 different locations across Austria and investigated the bacterial assemblages within roots and ripe grain-harboring panicles by 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina sequencing. Furthermore, plant samples were subjected to genotyping by genetic diversity-focused Genotyping by Sequencing. Overall, roots hosted more diverse microbiota than panicles. Both the plant organ and sampling site significantly shaped the root and panicle-associated microbiota, whereas the host genotype only affected root communities. In terms of community structure, root-specific assemblages were highly diverse and consisted of conserved bacterial taxa. In contrast, panicle-specific communities were governed by Gammaproteobacteria, were less diverse and highly origin-dependent. Among OTUs found in both plant tissues, relative abundances of Gammaproteobacteria were higher in panicles, whereas Rhizobiales dominated root communities. We further identified core and non-core taxa within samples of both Setaria species. Non-core taxa included members of the Saccharibacteria and Legionelalles, while core communities encompassed eleven OTUs of seven bacterial orders, together with a set of ten panicle-enriched OTUs. These communities were widespread across root and panicle samples from all locations, hinting toward an evolved form of mutualism through potential vertical transmission of these taxa within Setaria species.

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“…Weed-crop competition was also influenced by climatic conditions, since Setaria is a C4 species and wheat is a C3 crop. Arid features of experimental area (salinity, temperature, radiation and drought) favored Setaria germination and growth, as season long emergence of Setaria was noticeable (Rizal et al, 2013).…”

Section: Water Use Efficiency and Correlation Matrixmentioning

confidence: 96%

WATER USE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT CULTIVATED UNDER COMPETITION WITH Setaria

2015

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Understanding the critical period of weed competition is indispensable in the development of an effective weed management program in field crops. Current experiment was planned to evaluate the critical growth period ofSetaria and level of yield losses associated with delay in weeding in rain-fed drip irrigated wheat production system of Saudi Arabia. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of weeding interval (07-21, 14-28, 21-35, 28-42 and 35-49 days after sowing) and drought stress (75% and 50% of field capacity) on Setaria growth, wheat yield and water use efficiency. Season long weedy check and wellwatered (100% FC) plots were also maintained for comparison. Weeding interval and drought stress significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth and yield of Setaria and wheat. Drought stress from 75% to 50% FC resulted in reductions of 29-40% in Setaria height, 14-27% in Setaria density and 11-26% in Setaria dry biomass. All weeding intervals except 35-49 DAS significantly suppressedSetaria growth as compared with control. Delay in weeding increased weed-crop competition interval and reduced wheat yield and yield contributors. Therefore, the lowest yield of 1836 kg ha-1 was attained for weeding interval of 35-49 DAS at 50% FC. Water use efficiency and harvest index increased with decreasing FC levels but reduced with delay in weeding. Correlation analysis predicted negative association ofSetariadensity with wheat yield and yield contributors and the highest negative association was for harvest index (-0.913) and water use efficiency (-0.614). Early management of Setaria is imperative for successful wheat production otherwise yield losses are beyond economical limits.

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Study of Flowering Pattern in Setaria viridis, a Proposed Model Species for C4 Photosynthesis Research

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Neural Net Classification Combined With Movement Analysis to Evaluate Setaria viridis as a Model System for Time of Day of Anther Appearance

Neural Net Classification Combined With Movement Analysis to Evaluate Setaria viridis as a Model System for Time of Day of Anther Appearance

Roots and Panicles of the C4 Model Grasses Setaria viridis (L). and S. pumila Host Distinct Bacterial Assemblages With Core Taxa Conserved Across Host Genotypes and Sampling Sites

WATER USE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT CULTIVATED UNDER COMPETITION WITH Setaria

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