Study of Frequency Effects on Hardness  Profile of Spline Shaft Heat-Treated  by Induction

Hammi, Habib; Ouafi, Abderazzak El; Barka, Noureddine

doi:10.4236/msce.2016.43001

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Also, the ability of fast heat generation in well-de ned points of the specimen and eliminating other undesired-treated parts, being environmental-friendly along with other mentioned characteristics make this method well-received for mass production and industrial purposes [4]. The ability to generate localized heat during the heating process in hardening processes is one of the most important industrial applications of induction heating employing improving wear and fatigue resistance of the parts such as bearings, shafts, and disc-shaped parts like gears [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Investigation Into the Edge Effect Reduction of 4340 Steel Disc Through Induction Hardening Process Using Magnetic Flux Concentrators

Parvinzadeh

Karganroudi

Omidi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Induction hardening serves as one of the best mass production processes used recently due to its ability to quickly generating high-intensity heat in a well-defined location of the part. Numerous advantages of this method make it a reliable technique to produce a thin martensite layer on the part surface that has compressive residual stresses. In this regard, the presented study is devoted to investigating utilizing induction heating for surface hardening of AISI 4340 steel disc. The purpose is to evaluate the performance of magnetic flux concentrators and the effects of the induction process parameter on the case-depth and edge effect in the surface hardening of the disc. Once the proper range of parameters is defined, Taguchi experimentation planning is used to frame comprehensive experimentation with the minimum possible trial. Then, the case-depth of discs is evaluated on their cross-sections (edge and middle plane) through hardness profile measurement of samples using a micro-indentation hardness machine. The results are then statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the best combination of parameters to achieve maximum case-depth yet minimum edge effect. The goodness-of-fit regression models are then developed to predict the case-depth profile as a function of machine parameters based on linear regression utilizing case-depth responses in the edge and middle plane of discs. Results imply that maximum case-depth with minimum edge effect can be produced by using the highest heating time along with the average amplitude of the power, axial gap, and radial gap. This study gives a good exploration of case-depths optimized by setting up process parameters when magnetic flux concentrator is utilized, thus, a guideline to reduce discs edge effect in induction surface hardening application is given.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Investigation Into the Edge Effect Reduction of 4340 Steel Disc Through Induction Hardening Process Using Magnetic Flux Concentrators

Parvinzadeh

Karganroudi

Omidi

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another research using 2d models, the effects of induction heating process parameters on hardness pro les of 4340 steel bearing shoulders were studied [43]. The effect of frequency on the hardness pro le of spline shaft heat-treated by induction is also examined [6]. Another study was focused on the effects of induction machine parameters on the case-depths of 4340 spur gear with a 2D model [44], and explore how machine parameters and geometrical factors are effective on the hardness pro le of 4340 steel disc hardened by induction hardening [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel investigation into the edge effect reduction of 4340 steel disc through induction hardening process using magnetic flux concentrators

Parvinzadeh

Karganroudi

Omidi

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Induction hardening serves as one of the best mass production processes used recently due to its ability to quickly generating high-intensity heat in a well-de ned location of the part. Numerous advantages of this method make it a reliable technique to produce a thin martensite layer on the part surface that has compressive residual stresses. In this regard, the presented study is devoted to investigating utilizing induction heating for surface hardening of AISI 4340 steel disc. The purpose is to evaluate the performance of magnetic ux concentrators and the effects of the induction process parameter on the case-depth and edge effect in the surface hardening of the disc. Once the proper range of parameters is de ned, Taguchi experimentation planning is used to frame comprehensive experimentation with the minimum possible trial. Then, the case-depth of discs is evaluated on their cross-sections (edge and middle plane) through hardness pro le measurement of samples using a micro-indentation hardness machine. The results are then statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the best combination of parameters to achieve maximum casedepth yet minimum edge effect. The goodness-of-t regression models are then developed to predict the case-depth pro le as a function of machine parameters based on linear regression utilizing case-depth responses in the edge and middle plane of discs. Results imply that maximum case-depth with minimum edge effect can be produced by using the highest heating time along with the average amplitude of the power, axial gap, and radial gap. This study gives a good exploration of case-depths optimized by setting up process parameters when magnetic ux concentrator is utilized, thus, a guideline to reduce discs edge effect in induction surface hardening application is given.

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“…The efficiency of an induction heating system for our application depends on several factors: the used frequency, the capacity of the power supply, and most importantly, the scanning speed. The induction heating of splines was previously evoked in the work done by the authors, but in this case the spline was stationary and there was no scanning involved [3] [4]. All of the induced power and heat were concentrated in a single region in the spline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Based Induction Heating for AISI 4340 Steel Spline Shafts-3D Simulation and Experimental Validation

Hammi¹,

Ouafi²,

Barka³

et al. 2017

AMPC

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This paper presents an investigation of non-stationary induction heating process applied to AISI 4340 steel spline shafts based on 3D simulation and experimental validation. The study is based on the knowledge, concerning the form of correlations between various induction heating parameters and the final hardness profile, developed in the case of stationary induction heating. The proposed approach focuses on analyzing the effects of variation of frequency, power and especially scanning speed through an extensive 3D finite element method simulation, comprehensive sensitivity study and structured experimental efforts. Based on coupled electromagnetic and thermal fields analysis, the developed 3D model is used to estimate the temperature distribution and the hardness profile. Experimentations conducted on a commercial dual-frequency induction machine for AISI 4340 steel splines confirm the feasibility and the validity of the proposed modelling procedure. The 3D model validation reveals a great concordance between simulated and measured results, confirms that the model can effectively be used as framework for understanding the process and for assessing the effects of various parameters on the hardening process quality and performance and consequently leads to the most relevant variables to use in an eventual hardness profile prediction model.

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Study of Frequency Effects on Hardness Profile of Spline Shaft Heat-Treated by Induction

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

A Novel Investigation Into the Edge Effect Reduction of 4340 Steel Disc Through Induction Hardening Process Using Magnetic Flux Concentrators

A Novel Investigation Into the Edge Effect Reduction of 4340 Steel Disc Through Induction Hardening Process Using Magnetic Flux Concentrators

A novel investigation into the edge effect reduction of 4340 steel disc through induction hardening process using magnetic flux concentrators

Scanning Based Induction Heating for AISI 4340 Steel Spline Shafts-3D Simulation and Experimental Validation

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