Study of Furoxan Derivatives for Energetic Applications

Abstract

Two novel energetic compounds, 3,4-bis(1',2',4'-triazole-3'-yl)furoxan (BTAF) and 3,4-bis(1'-nitro-1',2',4'-triazole-3'-yl)furoxan (BNTAF), were prepared and their structures were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS techniques and elemental analysis. The properties of BTAF and BNTAF were estimated. The predicted performance data of BTAF are as follows: density (measured) is 1.75 g/cm 3 , nitrogen content 50.9%, detonation velocity 7277 m/s, detonation pressure 20.1 GPa and enthalpy of formation ＋419.7 kJ/mol. The predicted performance data of BNTAF are as follows: density is 1.84 g/cm 3 , nitrogen content 45.2%, enthalpy of formation ＋841.5 kJ/mol, detonation velocity 8490 m/s and detonation pressure 32.4 GPa. The main themal properties of BTAF and BNTAF were analyzed by DSC and TG techniques, the results show that BTAF melts with concomitant decomposition at 188.8 ℃, the melting point of BNTAF is at 99.2 ℃ and its first decomposition temperature is 139.2 ℃.

Recent progress and challenges in process optimization: Review of recent work at ECUST

“…[97] Improving the operations of a steam power system is one of the feasible ways to save energy costs. Li et al [98] developed hybrid models for steam turbines by combining artificial neural network and thermodynamic models. A steam turbine network model in an industrial ethylene plant was then studied based on these reliable hybrid models.…”

Synthesis and Property of 1,4-Diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole and Its Derivatives

“…This has been attributed to the large number of C−N, C=N, N−N and N=N bonds in their molecular structures [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The large amount of nitrogen gas generated as an end product of the nitrogen-rich compounds listed above is highly favored both for the enhancement of energy output and the avoiding of environmental pollution [3,7].…”

“…This has been attributed to the large number of C−N, C=N, N−N and N=N bonds in their molecular structures [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The large amount of nitrogen gas generated as an end product of the nitrogen-rich compounds listed above is highly favored both for the enhancement of energy output and the avoiding of environmental pollution [3,7]. In order to develop environmentally friendly explosives, a number of heterocyclic-based energetic compounds have been developed and extensively used as high-energy explosives and ingredients of propellants [1,2,4,10].…”

A Novel Mild Method for the Synthesis of 3-Amino-4-(5-aryl-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)Furazans

“…[7][8][9] A few of individual approaches for accessing a particular derivative has been described. 1,4,10 The published methods afford only a limited group of (1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)furazans and use either very harsh reaction conditions or highly toxic reagents, that limits the widespread use of these compounds.…”

“…[3][4][5][6] The most general (with seven examples) method for constructing molecules with this combination of azoles is the high-temperature (200-230°C) cyclocondensation of N'-acylated furazan carbohydrazonamides (amidrazones). [7][8][9] A few of individual approaches for accessing a particular derivative has been described.…”