Study of grain-level deformation and residual stresses in Ti-7Al under combined bending and tension using high energy diffraction microscopy (HEDM)

Measured resolved shear stresses and Bishop-Hill stress states in individual grains of austenitic stainless steel

“…Figure 3 presents three different parameters that are often employed to characterize a stress state, i.e. the coaxiality [15,35], the triaxiality [14,15] and the Lode angle [36]. The coaxiality is the angle between the uniaxial tensile stress applied to the entire sample and the measured stress, which is calculated for each grain from the elastic strain.…”

“…With the advent of finite-element-based [10][11][12] and Fourier-transformation-based [13] crystal plasticity, interactions between large ensembles of grains with different orientations, sizes and shapes can be modelled in more detail. While texture predictions may still be refined, the influence of local heterogeneities in the deforming grain structure on the nucleation and propagation of damage and eventually fracture also receives attention [14][15][16]. For the aforementioned purposes, studies of individual grains are necessary, and therefore more information on the three-dimensional grain structure is desired.…”

“…As the technique is non-destructive, the evolution of these parameters during e.g. a tensile test may be monitored [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. Comparison of the experimental grain structure evolution with model predictions is important both for validating the models and as inspiration for model improvement.…”

Grain interaction mechanisms leading to intragranular orientation spread in tensile deformed bulk grains of interstitial-free steel

“…This gives a unique possibility of investigating the behaviour of individual grains and how they interact with their environment. Particular emphasis has been on understanding the deformation behaviour of metals by mapping intra-granular orientation gradients as a function of plastic deformation Lind et al, 2014;Pokharel et al, 2015;Toda et al, 2016) and measuring grain-resolved stresses associated with deformation twinning in hexagonal close packed metals (Abdolvand et al, 2015a(Abdolvand et al, , 2015bAydiner et al, 2009;Bieler et al, 2014;, but also processes such as grain nucleation (West et al, 2009), growth (Poulsen et al, 2011;Schmidt et al, 2004Schmidt et al, , 2008 and coarsening (Dake et al, 2016;Sharma et al, 2012), crack evolution (Cerrone et al, 2015;Chatterjee et al, 2015;Oddershede et al, 2012;Ozturk et al, 2016), stress relaxation (Tang et al, 2015), creep (Schuren et al, 2015) and phase transformations (Barton and Bernier, 2012;Hedström et al, 2010;Offerman et al, 2006) have been investigated using 3DXRD. For completeness applications of 3DXRD to minerals (Borthwick et al, 2012;Hall and Wright, 2015;Sørensen et al, 2012a), deep earth science (Nisr et al, 2014(Nisr et al, , 2012Rosa et al, 2015), nuclear materials (Brown et al, 2014;X.…”

In situ monitoring the properties of 20 carbon steel and ductile iron under combined tension and three-point bending loadings

“…The localization and failure in aluminum shells due to crushing induced bending and tension was presented by Giagmouris et al [8]. Moreover, Chatterjee et al [9] studied the grain-level deformation and residual stresses in Ti-7Al under combined bending and tension using high energy diffraction microscopy. Chu et al [10] solved the two-dimensional elasticity solution of elastic strips and beams made of functionally graded materials under tension and bending.…”