Study of Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates From Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) and Their Antibiogram Pattern in A Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Elumalai, Arthi

doi:10.18535/jmscr/v4i11.88

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…5,6,16 Among antipseudomonal cephalosporins, Cefepime showed the best activity against the organism as noted by some other investigators. 2,6,13 Higher resistance of P.aeruginosa in a range of 57-65% against Cefepime were recorded by other authors also. 3,15,16 Thus, in our settings, cephalosporins and fluroquinolones were found to be ineffective for empirical therapy for LRTI .They can be tried in those isolates with proven sensitivity by susceptibility testing Gram positive organisms showed highest sensitivity towards Vancomycin followed by Linezolid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Higher prevalence was shown by some other authors. 6,12,13 Lower bacterial isolation rate may be due to improper sample collection, delay in transportation or prior antimicrobial therapy before sample collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies showed higher resistance rate to Cefepime in the range of 65-70%. 6,16 But some contemporary studies found out good activity against this antibiotic. 5,6,16 Among antipseudomonal cephalosporins, Cefepime showed the best activity against the organism as noted by some other investigators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of sputum and endotracheal tube samples were assessed based on criteria laid by American Society for Microbiology (ASM). 6 According to this, a reliable specimen after gram staining would have more than 25 leucocytes and fewer than 10 epithelial cells per low power field of microscope. Samples not fulfilling these criteria were rejected for repeat specimen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, management of these infections has become a challenge to the physicians. 6 Hence the present study was conducted to investigate the bacterial aetiology of LRTIs in our institution and to update the clinicians on the current antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital, Central Kerala

Ir¹,

Sulekha²

2020

IJMMTD

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Background and Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is one of the leading human diseases causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalent etiological agents and their antimicrobial resistance patterns differs, both geographically and over time. With emerging resistance of respiratory bacterial pathogens to commonly used antibiotics, it is imperative to study their recent trends for effective management of these cases. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, record based study was conducted on culture and sensitivity reports of lower respiratory samples obtained in the microbiology lab during 1 st January 2015-31st December 2017. The samples were processed by standard methods for isolation and identification followed by antimicrobial sensitivity testing using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: 288 (26.34%) of total 1093 samples were positive for bacterial culture. 244 (84.7%) were gram negative bacilli (GNB) and 44 (15.3%) were gram positive cocci. The predominant pathogen isolated was K.pneumoniae (31.1%) followed by P.aeruginosa (30.2%).The overall susceptibility of GNB was highest towards Imipenem followed by Amikacin and Piperacillin tazobactam with resistance rates of 11.5%, 26.2% and 31.6% respectively. Gram positive organisms exhibited highest susceptibility towards Vancomycin and Linezolid. 15.4 % of Staphylococcus aureus were Methicillin resistant (MRSA). Conclusion: Imipenem is the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Amikacin and Piperacillin tazobactam which can be used for empirical therapy for LRTI. The antibiotic therapy should be modified as per the culture and sensitivity report. Regular determinations of the type of bacterial pathogens and updation of antibiogram must be followed in every institution to aid in better patient management by helping the clinician in the judicious use of antibiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital, Central Kerala

Ir¹,

Sulekha²

2020

IJMMTD

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A Review on Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Respiratory Problems in Ethiopia over a Twenty-Year Period (2000–2021)

Haile

Tsegay

Seid

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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This review is aimed at assessing and compiling the different ethnomedicinal studies in different parts of Ethiopia used to treat respiratory diseases. The data were collected from different published research papers through searching the web sources such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and other related websites. The important search terminologies included ethnobotany, respiratory diseases, medicinal plants, and Ethiopia. For this, a total of 65 articles of recent publications (from 2000 to May 2021 years) that provided full information about the use of medicinal plant species to treat respiratory disorder diseases in Ethiopia were consulted. Based on this, a total of 96 medicinal plants belonging to 57 families were reviewed. The commonly recorded families used to manage respiratory problems were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. Herbs and shrubs were the dominant plant growth forms. Due to the easiest form of their preparation for treating respiratory disorders, leaves are the most cited plant parts followed by roots. Crushing and pounding are useful methods of remedy preparation to treat respiratory diseases. This review concluded that different medicinal plants have a significant contribution in combating serious respiratory problems in Ethiopia. Hence, the complied review of medicinal plants on the treatment of respiratory problems would play a great role in further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations in developing new drugs used for the treatment of respiratory problems and in the conservation of these important medicinal plants.

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Pathogenic bacteria recovered from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Yohannes,

Belachew,

Assefa

et al. 2023

BMC Pulm Med

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Introduction Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) caused by drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a major problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients with clinically suspected LRTIs at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 01 to March 15, 2020. Socio-demographic data were collected by using a structured questionnaire. A total of 254 sputum specimens were collected from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative patients. Bacterial recovery was performed using blood, chocolate, and MacConkey agar plates. Bacterial isolates were identified based on Gram staining, colony characteristics, and biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance of S. aureus was confirmed using cefoxitin (30 µg). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable and results are shown in tables and figures. Results In this study, the overall sputum culture positivity rate was 145/254 (57.1%). Gram-negative bacteria 111 (64.9%) were predominant compared to Gram-positive bacteria 60 (35.1%). Of the 145 culture-positive cases, 26 (14.8%) had poly-bacterial infections. S. aureus 40 (66.7%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacterium whereas K. pneumoniae 33 (29.7%), was the most isolated Gram-negative bacterium. Bacterial species, such as S. aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin 38/40 (95.0%), gentamicin 37/40 (92.5%), cefoxitin 36/40 (90.0%), and clindamycin 34/40 (85.0%). The proportion of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was low, 4(10.0%). S. pneumoniae was sensitive to chloramphenicol 8/9 (88.9%) and resistant to ciprofloxacin 6/9 (66.7%). K pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Serratia species, and H. influenzae also demonstrated high levels of resistance to ampicillin at rates of 21/33 (63.6%), 8/8 (100.0%), 15/17 (88.2%), 7/10 (70.0%), and 6/6 (100.0%), respectively. Conclusion This study revealed a higher burden of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacterial agents, which is responsible for LRTs. Therefore, routine sputum culture identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed in Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative patients.

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Study of Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates From Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) and Their Antibiogram Pattern in A Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Abstract: Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are common human diseases, the morbidity and mortality of which varies depending on

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital, Central Kerala

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital, Central Kerala

A Review on Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Respiratory Problems in Ethiopia over a Twenty-Year Period (2000–2021)

Pathogenic bacteria recovered from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

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