Study of Histomorphological Changes of Teratomas in Tertiary Care Hospital.

Abstract

Teratomas are the germ cell tumors composed of multiple cell types derived from one or more of the three germ layers.Teratomas range from benign well differentiated [mature] cystic lesions to those that are solid and malignant [immature].Additionally, teratomas may be monodermal and highly specialized. Rarely, within some mature teratomas, certain elements like squamous component undergo malignant transformation.Teratomas are known to occur at birth and are derived from pleuripotent germ cells and embryonic cells. Teratomas of embryonic origin are congenital and are seen in the midline of the body-skull, neck, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and coccyx.Teratomas derived from the germ cells are seen in testis in men and ovaries in women. AIMS: This prospective and retrospective study was conducted to determine the frequency of the teratomas occurring in various sites along with their histomorphological presentations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital between January 2010 to December 2012 in the Department of Pathology. Morphological and histopathological features of teratomas were studied. RESULTS: Teratomas were more common in females between 25-35yrs.Most of the teratomas were seen in ovaries followed by retroperitoneum and sacrococcygeal region.87% of teratomas diagnosed were of mature cystic teratoma with histologic grading 0 and remaining 13% showed malignant transformation. CONCLUSION: Mature teratomas are typically benign and found more frequently in women and there is risk of malignant transformation.