Study of Interfaces in Hf/Fe System Using Magneto‐Optical Kerr Effect and Soft X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Abstract

Interface between layers of Fe and Hf is studied using magneto‐optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (SXAS). Measurements as a function of the Fe layer thickness are done in a single sample by making use of a wedge‐shaped geometry for Fe layer sandwiched between two layers of Hf. SXAS measurements at the L‐edge of Fe provide evidence for interfacial alloying between Fe and Hf layers, with the thicknesses of the intermixed layers at Fe‐on‐Hf and Hf‐on‐Fe interfaces being 0.18 ± 0.05 and 0.27 ± 0.05 nm, respectively. Evolution of the MOKE hysteresis loop with Fe layer thickness gives an effective magnetic dead layer of 0.8 ± 0.1 nm at the two Fe/Hf interfaces together. Precise determination of the thickness of the intermixed layer and the magnetic dead layer using two independent techniques allows us to have a better insight into the interfacial magnetism and origin of magnetic dead layer at Fe/Hf interfaces. Present results suggest that the origin of the effective magnetic dead layer is partly due to modified magnetic moments of Fe and Hf in the intermixed regions and partly due to proximity‐induced magnetic moment in the interfacial Hf layers with its magnetic moment aligned antiparallel to the Fe layer.

Domain Wall Automotion in Three-Dimensional Magnetic Helical Interconnectors

“…Based on the model of the fabricated spiral, an average thickness gradient of −5.3 nm/μm is obtained in this way (see section S2 in the Supporting Information). In 2D films, thickness gradients are often achieved using moving shutters , or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition methods, which create wedge thin films on a scale of tens of micrometers to millimeters. Thus, the highly spatially varying thickness gradients achieved with 3D nanopatterning present a powerful advantage of this 3D fabrication procedure.…”

Domain wall automotion in three-dimensional magnetic helical interconnectors

“…Based on the model of the fabricated spiral, an average thickness gradient of -5.3 nm/µm is obtained in this way (see Supplementary Information S2). In 2D films, thickness gradients are often achieved using moving shutters 30,31 or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition methods 32 which create wedge thin films on a scale of tens of microns to millimeters. Thus, the highly localized thickness gradients achieved with 3D nanopatterning present a powerful advantage of this three-dimensional fabrication procedure.…”