Study of ionization particle detectors at milliKelvin temperatures

L’Hôte, D.; Navick, X.F.; Kemmather, B.; Barbier, A.; Stab, L.; Chapellier, M.; Chaumont, J.; Chardin, G.; Ponpon, J.P.; Prostakov, I.A.; Tourbot, R.; Yvon, D.

doi:10.1007/bf02570438

Cited by 2 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Several improvements of the detector design result from a study of the trap ionization and neutralization mechanisms in the bulk of the detector. The very low density of ionized traps we reached allows a noticeable improvement of the ionization channel time stability and energy resolution [20][21][22][23][24]. In order to minimize edge effects and to maximize charge collection, the thickness of the monocrystal has been reduced to 4 mm along its contour to increase the field strength, thereby reducing trapping and recombination.…”

Section: The Cryogenic Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Background discrimination capabilities of a heat and ionization germanium cryogenic detector

Stéfano

Bergé

Chambon

et al. 2001

Astroparticle Physics

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Section: The Cryogenic Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed description of the detector manufacturing and performances is given in [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: The Cryogenic Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Background discrimination capabilities of a heat and ionization germanium cryogenic detector

Stéfano

Bergé

Chambon

et al. 2001

Astroparticle Physics

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“…Thin implanted layers were required to minimize the space charge due to ionized impurities in the implantation tails. Contrary to previous prototypes, 15 the thickness of the resulting metallic electrodes has been increased to about 150 and 75 nm for B and P, respectively, to avoid their possible damage due to the mechanical holding. Those thicknesses were estimated via a TRIM simulation 48,49 and assuming metal-insulator transition densities of 2.1ϫ10 17 cm Ϫ3 for B and 3.2ϫ10 17 cm Ϫ3 for P, obtained from the Mott criterion.…”

Section: Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Its main goals are the performance improvements, the mass increase, and the use of other materials than germanium. The physical limitations to the energy resolution have to be investigated, as the experimental values lie between 1 and 2 keV ͓full width at half maximum ͑FWHM͔͒ in the 10-100 keV photon energy range, 10,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] well above the electronic limit. 16,19,22 Several phenomena which limit the detector performances deserve further study: ͑i͒ a limited charge collection which can be cured by irradiating the detector with a radioactive 10,23 or a light 24 source, ͑ii͒ ''hysteretic behaviors'' 10,19,23,[25][26][27][28] or time evolutions which require periodic detector regenerations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,19,22 Several phenomena which limit the detector performances deserve further study: ͑i͒ a limited charge collection which can be cured by irradiating the detector with a radioactive 10,23 or a light 24 source, ͑ii͒ ''hysteretic behaviors'' 10,19,23,[25][26][27][28] or time evolutions which require periodic detector regenerations. 10,15,16,19,23,25,27,29,30 Most of the open questions are related to operating at low temperature and at low bias voltages 10,19,27,[31][32][33] ͑below say 10 V to minimize the heating due to the ''Luke effect'' 10,34 ͒. As the thermal energy of the carriers is negligible, the usual description of a p-n or Schottky junction is no longer valid and the behavior of the system is governed by the amounts of ionized levels ͑due to impurities and defects͒ in the gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charge and heat collection in a 70 g heat/ionization cryogenic detector for dark matter search

L’Hôte

Navick

Tourbot

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physics

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We present detailed studies of the physical mechanisms underlying the collection of the charge carriers and of the thermal energy in a heat/ionization germanium particle detector operated at 20-28 mK, together with a presentation of its main performances. This detector is devoted to the search of dark matter particles, taking advantage of the double signal to reject background induced events. In what concerns the ionization channel, the current-voltage characteristics, energy resolution, time stability, and pulse height bias dependence are presented. A mechanism is proposed to explain the fact that the p-in diode maintains some rectifying properties in spite of the very low temperature. The energy resolution is 1 keV full width at half maximum ͑FWHM͒ at 86.5 keV, and the stability time is several days. A calculation of the carrier trapping contribution to the energy resolution and bias dependence is performed and its results compared to the data. The bias dependence is interpreted within a ''hot'' carrier model in which the shape of the trapping cross section as a function of the electric field is investigated. The time stability behavior is interpreted in terms of a space charge evolution due to traps ionization. The reasons why the densities of ionized levels are minimized are discussed. It is shown that one of them is related to the low currents obtained at rather large biases because of the choice of a p-in scheme. In what concerns the heat channel, an analysis of the heat flow in the thermal circuit is performed to explain the shape and amplitude of the heat pulses. The risetimes are well accounted for, allowing a determination of the NTD electronic specific heat, (1.80Ϯ0.45)ϫ10 Ϫ6 T J K Ϫ1 cm Ϫ3. The analysis of the two decay times leads to an interpretation in terms of partial thermalization of the ballistic phonons in the metallic parts of the detector. This mechanism allows to estimate the experimental responsivities and energy resolutions ͓6 and 20 nV/keV; 1.25 and 2.8 keV ͑FWHM͒ for sensor temperatures of respectively 20.5 and 28 mK͔. Both the ionization and heat channel results are used to draw guidelines for detector performance improvements and mass increase.

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Study of ionization particle detectors at milliKelvin temperatures

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Background discrimination capabilities of a heat and ionization germanium cryogenic detector

Background discrimination capabilities of a heat and ionization germanium cryogenic detector

Charge and heat collection in a 70 g heat/ionization cryogenic detector for dark matter search

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