Study of Lignification by Noninvasive Techniques in Growing Maize Internodes (An Investigation by Fourier Transform Infrared Cross-Polarization-Magic Angle Spinning 13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Immunocytochemical Transmission Electron Microscopy)

Joseleau, J.P.; Ruel, K.

doi:10.1104/pp.114.3.1123

Cited by 122 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This oxidative coupling gives rise to structural units with different interunit linkages, some of which can be recognized by specific antibodies. The antibodies used for topochemical visualization of lignin had been previously made against synthetic lignin generated by polymerizing coniferyl alcohol (Gzl antibody) or sinapyl alcohol (S antibody) and their specificity assessed by affinity tests (Joseleau and Ruel, 1997;Joseleau et al, 2004a, 200b). Because guaiacyl (G) polymers made from polymerizing coniferyl alcohol are enriched in condensed units involving (C-C) linkages and syringyl (S) polymers preferentially make noncondensed units connected by (b-O-4) linkages, immunolabeling of the cell walls with these antibodies provides insight into the local lignin structure within individual cell walls.…”

Section: Patterns Of Lignification In Ccr-downregulated Plants As Revmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two internodes (10 and 16 cm) were selected for microscopic studies, and 4-mm sections were taken from the middle of the two internodes for fixation and embedded in LR White resin (Joseleau and Ruel, 1997). Specific polyclonal antibodies directed against syringyl substructures (S antibody) and homoguaiacyl substructures (Gzl antibody) were used as antisera (Joseleau and Ruel, 1997;Joseleau et al, 2004b). For TEM, samples were prepared as described (Joseleau and Ruel, 1997) and immunolabeled on ultra-thin transverse sections (500 Å ) floating downward in plastic rings passed on 50-mL drops of reagents deposited on parafilm.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

et al. 2007

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Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) catalyzes the penultimate step in monolignol biosynthesis. We show that downregulation of CCR in transgenic poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba) was associated with up to 50% reduced lignin content and an orange-brown, often patchy, coloration of the outer xylem. Thioacidolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), immunocytochemistry of lignin epitopes, and oligolignol profiling indicated that lignin was relatively more reduced in syringyl than in guaiacyl units. The cohesion of the walls was affected, particularly at sites that are generally richer in syringyl units in wild-type poplar. Ferulic acid was incorporated into the lignin via ether bonds, as evidenced independently by thioacidolysis and by NMR. A synthetic lignin incorporating ferulic acid had a red-brown coloration, suggesting that the xylem coloration was due to the presence of ferulic acid during lignification. Elevated ferulic acid levels were also observed in the form of esters. Transcript and metabolite profiling were used as comprehensive phenotyping tools to investigate how CCR downregulation impacted metabolism and the biosynthesis of other cell wall polymers. Both methods suggested reduced biosynthesis and increased breakdown or remodeling of noncellulosic cell wall polymers, which was further supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and wet chemistry analysis. The reduced levels of lignin and hemicellulose were associated with an increased proportion of cellulose. Furthermore, the transcript and metabolite profiling data pointed toward a stress response induced by the altered cell wall structure. Finally, chemical pulping of wood derived from 5-year-old, field-grown transgenic lines revealed improved pulping characteristics, but growth was affected in all transgenic lines tested.

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Section: Patterns Of Lignification In Ccr-downregulated Plants As Revmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

et al. 2007

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“…CCRC-M2 is a mouse monoclonal antibody (IgM) recognizing RG-I whose epitope has not yet been characterized in detail (Freshour et al, 1996). Polyclonal antibodies were used that target a mixed guaiacyl-syringyl (GS) lignin dehydrogenation polymer (Ruel et al, 1994;Joseleau and Ruel, 1997).…”

Section: Gymnospermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new structural element containing glycine-rich proteins and rhamnogalacturonan I in the protoxylem of seed plants

Ryser

Schorderet

Guyot

et al. 2004

Journal of Cell Science

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IntroductionProteins of the extracellular matrix in animal cells or the cell wall in plant cells have only evolved after the divergence of plants and animals, about 1 billion years ago during the Precambrian. Although the cell walls of seed plants are mainly composed of polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, they also contain variable amounts of structural proteins. These proteins have traditionally been classified as glycine-rich proteins (GRPs), proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and hydroxyproline-rich proteins (HRGPs). With the exception of GRPs, they are glycosylated and contain hydroxyproline (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993;Cassab, 1998;Zablackis et al., 1995). Dividing and elongating plant cells contain very little cross-linked structural cell-wall proteins. As a rule, cell-typeand tissue-specific cross-linking of these proteins into the cell wall occurs towards the end of elongation growth. Little is known about the roles of these proteins. It is thought that they strengthen the cell walls in normal plant development (Fry, 1988;Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993) and are involved in incompatible plant-pathogen interactions (Lamb and Dixon, 1997;Delledonne et al., 1998).Xylem is the principal water-conducting tissue of vascular plants. It contains water pipes formed by the walls of dead cells. To allow the efficient transport of water and solutes, the end walls of the cylindrical cells are perforated (in vessel members) or the ends are elongated and make contacts side by side (in tracheids) by numerous pit pairs. Vessel members are absent from most gymnosperms but are typically observed in the wood of angiosperms. However, the xylem of elongating organs of angiosperms often contains both cell types. For convenience, they are collectively called 'tracheary elements ' (Esau, 1977). The main steps of the differentiation of tracheary elements are cell elongation, strengthening of the wall by deposition of secondary wall layers, lignification and programmed cell death initiated by the collapse of the vacuole and followed by the degradation of cellular constituents by vacuolar hydrolases (Groover et al., 1997;Groover and Jones, 1999;Fukuda, 2000). Finally, the hydrolysis products are probably taken up by the living xylem parenchyma surrounding the tracheary elements.Protoxylem is the water-conducting tissue of young and elongating plant organs, whereas metaxylem starts to differentiate only towards the end of elongation growth. The challenge for the growing plant is to maintain a functional water-conducting system made up of the cell walls of dead protoxylem elements (PX) embedded in rapidly elongating xylem parenchyma cells Supplemental data available online

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“…The distribution heterogeneity of S and G units has been studied by UV microscopy (Fergus and Goring 1970), Mäule color reaction (Takabe et al 1992;Watanabe et al 2004), TEM-EDXA (Saka and Goring 1988), FTIR spectroscopy (Faix 1991), and immuno labeling (Joseleau and Ruel 1997). Hardwood lignins in RPCs have not yet been submitted to quantitative structural analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignification of ray parenchyma cells (RPCs) in the xylem of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.: quantitative and structural investigation by TOF-SIMS and thioacidolysis of laser microdissection cuts of RPCs

Zheng¹,

Aoki

Matsushita

et al. 2015

Holzforschung

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Lignification of ray parenchyma cells (RPCs) in the sapwood (sW), transition zone (TZ), and heartwood (hW) of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. has been investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and thioacidolysis. The results of TOF-SIMS indicate that the relative ion intensity of lignin in RPCs increased from sW to hW, while there was almost no difference in the case of axial wood fibers. The ratio of syringyl (S) to guaiacyl (G) lignin units (S/G value) in RPCs was higher than that in wood fibers. Samples containing more RPCs were prepared by laser microdissection (LMD) and analyzed by thioacidolysis, including also the subsequent Raney nickel desulfurization, and the resulting monomers and dimers were quantitatively analyzed by GC/MS. The monomer analysis shows that lignin content and S/G values in RPCs rich samples increased from sW towards hW. The dimer analysis reveals that the S-S dimers are dominant in all types of samples. The results of TOF-SIMS and thioacidolysis of LMD samples are interpreted that the lignification of RPCs progresses from the sW towards the hW and that the chemical structure of lignin in RPCs is different from that in axial elements.

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Study of Lignification by Noninvasive Techniques in Growing Maize Internodes (An Investigation by Fourier Transform Infrared Cross-Polarization-Magic Angle Spinning 13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Immunocytochemical Transmission Electron Microscopy)

Cited by 122 publications

References 26 publications

Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

A new structural element containing glycine-rich proteins and rhamnogalacturonan I in the protoxylem of seed plants

Lignification of ray parenchyma cells (RPCs) in the xylem of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.: quantitative and structural investigation by TOF-SIMS and thioacidolysis of laser microdissection cuts of RPCs

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