Study of Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of Toluene + (Hexane, Heptane, or Cyclohexane) with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Ethylsulfate at 308.15 K

Abstract

The extraction of toluene from hydrocarbons (hexane, heptane, and cyclohexane) was analyzed by liquid extraction with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [EMim][EtSO4] ionic liquid, as a solvent. The experimental liquid + liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were determined at T = 308.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Selectivity and distribution coefficient, derived from the tie-lines, were used to determine the ability of [EMim][EtSO4] as solvent for the separation of toluene from its mixtures with alkanes and cycloalkane. The degree of consistency of the experimental LLE data was ascertained using the Othmer–Tobias equation. The experimental data for LLE of the ternary systems were correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) thermodynamic models.

Contaminación ambiental por ondas electromagnéticas no ionizantes producto de tecnologías inalámbricas en ambientes al aire libre

“…La refracción se presenta cuando la onda electromagnética experimenta cambio en su dirección y velocidad al pasar de un medio a un objeto. El mecanismo de refracción ocurre cuando la onda incide de forma oblicua en el objeto (Martínez-Reina & Amado-González, 2012). Por su parte, la absorción ocurre cuando entre la onda y un objeto se presenta un rozamiento que hace que la energía mecánica se transforme en calor (Arribas-Garde et al, 2014), tal como ocurre durante la exposición prolongada durante una llamada celular.…”

Liquid–liquid equilibria of binary mixtures of a lipidic ionic liquid with hydrocarbons

“…Additionally, their physical and chemical properties may be tuned by altering the chemical structures present in the cation and in the anion, resulting in an abundance of potential pairs with which to form new ionic liquids. 3,4 To date, ionic liquids have been investigated for use as solvents for many processes including gas separations, [5][6][7][8][9][10] liquid-liquid extractions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and numerous classes of reactions. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] For the vast majority of ionic liquids, the ionic nature of the species and often dominant coulombic forces yield liquids with polar to moderately polar solvent strength, as evidenced by their high solubility for more polar solutes, including polar and moderately polar liquids and salts.…”