Study of Meat Species Adulteration in Indonesian Commercial Beef Meatballs Related to Halal Law Implementation

Abstract

Meatballs are processed meat products that are susceptible to adulteration. Indonesia enforces a halal product guarantee regulation so that all products in circulation are free from non-halal ingredients. This study aimed to detect with the PCR method the contamination by pork and chicken of commercial beef meatballs. The samples of commercial meatballs were obtained from 36 meatball shops in Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, and Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Reference meatballs as a positive control were prepared in the laboratory. DNA isolation was performed on commercial sample meatballs, reference meatballs, and 13 species of fresh meat for specificity tests. DNA concentrations were measured using a spectrophotometer, and visualization of the isolation and PCR results was conducted using agarose gel electrophoresis and a UV transilluminator. DNA isolates were amplified by PCR using gene targets 1.711B bovine repeat for identifying bovine species, CR1 SINE repeat element for identifying chicken species, and mitochondrial gene subunit ND1 for identifying pork species. The results showed that there was contamination by chicken meat in meatballs labeled as beef meatballs in 30 of 36 samples in Bojonegoro Regency and 33 of 36 samples in Boyolali Regency. The results also showed that 22 samples of commercial beef meatballs in the Boyolali Regency contained pork. The implementation of the PCR method using the three specific primers proved the presence of meat contamination that did not match the label on the meatballs circulating in the Indonesian market. The contamination by pork if beef meatballs has violated the regulation on halal product guarantees.

Sosialisasi Halal untuk Pengajuan Sertifikasi Halal Self Declare dan Peningkatan Kesadaran Konsumen terhadap Produk Halal

“…Selain itu, pemerintah juga kembali memutuskan bahwa pada tanggal 17 Oktober 2024 produk makanan dan minuman yang beredar dan diperdagangkan diseluruh wilayah Indonesia wajib bersertifikat halal (BPJH, 2023). Penelitian Siswara et al (2019) menemukan terdapat sampel bakso sapi yang terkontaminasi oleh daging ayam dan daging babi pada warung bakso yang belum tersertifikasi halal. Hal ini dapat menjadi Pelajaran penting mengenai pentingnya logo/sertifikasi halal.…”

Current State of Milk, Dairy Products, Meat and Meat Products, Eggs, Fish and Fishery Products Authentication and Chemometrics

“…Food manufacturers in many countries nowadays choose to use pork meat or pork derivatives (pork fat, pork gelatine, etc.) because they are inexpensive and readily available [24,25].…”

Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Beef Meatballs Added With Butterfly Pea Flower Powder (Clitoria ternatea L.)

“…Processed meat that has long been known and is very popular is meatballs. Meatballs are processed meat products where the meat is mashed first, mixed with spices and flour, and then formed into balls, especially small balls, which are then boiled in hot water (Siswara et al, 2022).…”