“…Based on the electrochemical results, the similar electrochemical behaviors at 298 and 308 K are observed for the corrosion inhibition performance of Q235 steel as incorporation of FH inhibitor; thus, the electrochemical test results of Q235 steel at 298 K are selected to conduct the subsequent characterizations, such as Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), weight loss, adsorption isotherm, surface roughness, and DFT calculations, and the corresponding Raman spectra are displayed in Figure 7, as Q235 steel immersed in 1 M HCl solution without FH inhibitor, the characteristic peaks around 1320, 674, and 550 cm −1 are related to the α‐Fe 2 O 3 , β‐FeOOH, and Fe 3 O 4. 43–45 Furthermore, in the presence of FH inhibitors, the sharp peak of steel at 2329 cm −1 appears in HCl medium, which should be attributed to the uneven corrosion of iron. The existence of these clear peaks confirms the existence of iron oxide, indicating the formation of corrosion products.…”