The corrosion inhibition behavior of Tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) on mild steel (MS) in 1N HCl was investigated through experimental and theoretical studies. Inhibition efficiency is found to have increased by a rise in the concentration of TBAB. Experimental (weight loss study, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) results suggested that TBAB exhibits better inhibition efficiency. Thermodynamic studies were discussed. TBAB on the mild steel surface obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. SEM and AFM studies confirm the adsorption and protective ability of TBAB on mild steel in 1N HCl medium. Formation of a protective layer on mild steel was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible and XRD studies. Furthermore, quantum chemical parameters were calculated. The results demonstrate the adsorption capability of TBAB on mild steel in 1N HCl medium. Quantum chemical calculations are in good agreement with results obtained from experimental methods.