Study of Moisture Budget of Meteorological Droughts over Indian Region

Abstract

The study mainly focuses on heat and moisture budget components and its variations during meteorological drought conditions over India for the period 1951-2013. IITM sub-divisional summer monsoon standardized rainfall anomaly is considered to identify the meteorological drought where the standardized summer monsoon rainfall anomaly is less than one. From the analysis, there are thirteen meteorological droughts are identified, and the rainfall decreased on spatial and temporal scales with significant changes in the frequency, duration and total amount of rainfall. Mainly, anticyclonic circulation is observed along 60⁰-70⁰E with weak westerlies at lower levels. At the upper level, the intensity of easterly jet stream is decreased and shifted southward during drought years.Anomalous variations in relative humidity and vertical velocity induce the maximum reduction in the moisture amount (15%) at lower and upper levels leads to weakening of the strength of local Hadley circulation. Next, the heat budget components are decreased over Bay of Bengal and coastal regions with a magnitude of 40 to 200 W/m2 in drought years. It is observed that more moisture is transported to the equatorial region producing below average rainfall over the Indian subcontinent during weak monsoon periods. Hence, this study will help to identify the quantitative and qualitative estimation of drought conditions for long-range prediction of rainfall forecasting.

Transparent, Stretchable, and Self‐Healable Gas Barrier Films with 2D Nanoplatelets for Flexible Electronic Device Packaging Applications

“…Self‐healing materials can protect the film surfaces against external mechanical forces autonomously by repairing the mechanical damage during their usage for various applications. [ 44–48 ] Self‐healing materials can be utilized either as a thin film on top of conventional GDBFs or as a substrate for developing stretchable and completely self‐healable gas barrier films. For instance, Song et al developed a self‐healable oxygen barrier film using 8 bilayers of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyacrylic acid.…”

Extraction of Aluminum (Iii) Ions From Waste Water Using an Adsorbent Prepared From Stems of Cassia Occidentalis Plant

“…Our research group is investigating these aspects of purification of polluted water and found some successful methods for the extraction of F -, Pb 2+ , Cr (VI), NO2 -, NH3, PO4 3and Dyes. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] While we are investigating different bio-materials of the different plant as adsorbents for the extraction of different pollutive ions, stems of Cassia Occidentalis plant are noted to have good adsorption nature towards Al (III) ions. Hence, in this work, an adsorbent derived from Cassia Occidentalis plant stems is investigated for its adsorption nature towards Al (III) ions by optimizing the various conditions.…”

A NEW EFFECTIVE ADSORBENT DERIVED FROM THE BARKS OF Ziziphus mauritiana PLANT FOR THE REMOVAL OF CHROMATE FROM POLLUTED WATER

“…These non-conventional adsorbents are proving to be effective and economical and are suitable especially in agricultural countries like India [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Our research group is investigating these aspects of pollution control methods and found some successful adsorbents for various toxic ions [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . In our initial search among the various bio-materials, bark powder of Ziziphus mauritiana plant is found to adsorb Chromate ions from water.…”