Study of mononchids from Iran, with description of Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mononchida)

Abstract

During a survey of soil nematodes in Iran, three species of predatory nematodes, including a new species of the genus Mylonchulus Cobb, 1916 were recovered. Mylonchulus kermaniensis sp. n. is characterised by its body length (1.2-1.4 mm), six rows of rasp-like denticles, the sixth line consisting of four denticles, female tail slightly sigmoid, sharply bent ventrad with digitate posterior portion slightly but clearly bent dorsad, (37-49 μm long, c=27.9-38.9, c'=1.2-1.7) with a terminal opening of spinneret. Two advulval papillae present, one is pre-vulval and the other one is located posterior to vulva. Furthermore, two other mononchid species namely M. cf. hawaiiensis (Cassidy, 1931) Goodey, 1951 and Mononchus truncatus Bastian, 1865 were also recovered from soil in the province of Kerman, Iran, the former representing a new geographical record for Iran. Measurements and illustration are provided for these three species. Molecular study of 18S rDNA region of M. cf. hawaiiensis demonstrated that the Iranian population compared with the nearest populations identified as M. hawaiiensis from Japan, shows 5 to 8 nucleotide differences. In addition, phylogeny of Mylonchulus is discussed and a checklist of the species of Mononchida from Iran is provided.

Molecular Character of Mylonchulus hawaiiensis and Morphometric Differentiation of Six Mylonchulus (Nematoda; Order: Mononchida; Family: Mylonchulidae) Species Using Multivariate Analysis

“…The present results indicate that 18S rDNA sequence data are a valuable marker for the phylogenetic analysis within Mylonchulus species. This agrees with the previous result obtained [5,11,35]. Tree topology using Bayesian inference shows that M. hawaiiensis stand separately, which contrasts with the result obtained by Olia et al [35].…”

“…Therefore, their precise identification helps to find out a suitable predator to combat the plant-parasitic nematodes in future research. The genus Mylonchulus [8] (Nematoda; order: Mononchida; family: Mylonchulidae), is a broadly distributed taxon with six species being reported from Iran [5,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Morphology, morphometrics, and molecular characters are the primary distinguishing tool for predator nematodes [4,5].…”

Study of some mononchids (Mononchida) from Iran with a compendium of the genusAnatonchus

“…In cross-validation, each case is classified by the functions derived from all cases other than that case.The Bayesian tree indicates that A. tridentatus group is a monophyletic taxon, with the population of A. tridentatus from Iran forming a strongly supported clade with the other A. tridentatus sequences used in the analysis. This is consistent with the result obtained byvan Megen et al (2009), Olia et al (2008 andShokoohi et al (2013). the genus Anatonchus This genus, belonging to the family Anatonchidae Jairajpuri, 1969, comprises nine valid species and two species inquirendae.…”

“…The most recent review of the order was provided by Ahmad and Jairajpuri (2010). In Iran, this group has been recently studied by Farahmand et al (2009) and Shokoohi et al (2013), who examined nine species of the genera Mononchus Bastian, 1865 andMylonchulus Cobb, 1916. Hitherto, 19 species of 7 genera of mononchids have been reported from Iran (see Shokoohi et al 2013).…”

“…The distance matrix option of Mega 5 (Tamura et al 2011) was used to calculate genetic distances according to the maximum composite likelihood model of sequence evolution. For analysis of phylogenetic relationships based on 18S rDNA, Bathyodontus mirus (Andrássy, 1956) Andrássy in Hopper andCairns, 1959 (AY284744;FJ969116) was selected as the outgroup taxon based on the result of Shokoohi et al (2013). The tree was visualized with the "TreeView" program (Page 1996).…”