Study of montmorillonite nanoparticles and electron beam irradiation interaction of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/de-vulcanized waste rubber thermoplastic composites

Bee, Soo‐Tueen; Sin, Lee Tin; Hoe, Tie Teck; Ratnam, Chantara Thevy; Bee, Soo Ling; Rahmat, Abdul Razak

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2018.03.013

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 53 (7) considering that for this sample the greatest reduction in bonds occurred cross sections and a homogeneous sample. However, the loss of thermal stability observed in the TGA analysis may be linked to the degradation of the polyene structure during extrusion, which may have contributed to the irregular formation of the foams.…”

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confidence: 84%

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Evaluation of different mechanical recycling methods of EVA foam waste

Rosa

Zattera

Poletto

2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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In the present work, a proposal for the recycling of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) foam waste from the footwear industry using twin-screw extruder was evaluated. Parameters such as antioxidant addition, number of reprocessing, temperature, rotation speed were evaluated. The recycled material was evaluated by means of gel content, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG) and parallel plate rheometry. From this, the 4 samples were chosen, from the 16 extruded, with a higher probability of forming homogeneous foams to be used in the manufacture of new EVA foams. The foams were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and physical tests of density, abrasion and permanent compression deformation (PCD). The results showed a decrease in the content of crosslinked gel by up to 13 percentage points for the recycled material with antioxidant. However, there was a possible residual crosslinking, as the crosslinking of all recycled foams was greater than reference (foam). The greatest recycled material homogeneity, observed in the SEM, occurred in the samples processed for five repetitions without antioxidant. Some foams manufactured with recycled waste presented very similar morphological aspects to the reference foam. Foam manufactures with G1 recycled waste (extruded once, at 180°C, 450 rpm, without antioxidant), presented the most uniform and spherical cells. This foam also presented the best responses for the physical tests of PCD and abrasion, even compared to foam without recycle. As well as the lower viscosities for these same samples compared to the previous processing. It was understood that the viscosity of the recycled waste directly interferes with the formation of new EVA foam. Rheometry made it possible to identify the recycling process that resulted in an ideal viscosity material for incorporation in the manufacture of new EVA foams.

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“…In the last few years, EVA waste has mainly been studied to be reincorporated as a load in composites or concrete [5][6][7][8] which does not give the same value of virgin EVA. So, the ideal would be to selectively break its crosslinking bonds trying to keep its properties similar to the new EVA not crosslinked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different mechanical recycling methods of EVA foam waste

Rosa

Zattera

Poletto

2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…Applications of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) has been commonly evaluated in radiation physics research such as in electron beam irradiations [1][2][3][4][5], UV measurements [6], and microwave irradiation [7]. The gamma radiation is well known and has several applications in radiation dosimetry [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-vinyl acetate detector exposed to gamma radiation and evaluated via principal component regression

Oliveira¹,

Nascimento²,

Antonio³

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Rad. Sci.

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Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) is the flexible plastic material commonly used in industries. The EVA samples, in green, white and black colors were irradiated with absorbed doses of 0.01 kGy up to 10.0 kGy using a 60Co Gamma Cell-220 system, and the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry technique was used for evaluating the samples. This work aimed to investigate EVA samples in measurements with gamma radiation, analyzing the linearity through the Principal Component Regression (PCR) method and its sensitivity. For sensitivity and linearity, the green samples showed the best results, followed by white and black EVA samples. The PCR method inflated gradually the number of principal components, then reducing the residuals between the measured and calculated values, consequently obtaining maximum linearity of 1.000 for all EVA samples. In conclusion, the FTIR was adequate for the acquisition of absorbance spectra, the linearity via PCR and sensitivity showed good results indicating that the EVA detectors can be useful in radiation measurements.

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“…Electron beam irradiation of montmorillonite particles loaded in ethylene vinyl acetate waste rubber was studied at irradiation doses of up to 150 kGy. It was found that the crosslinking networks from the electron beam irradiation resulted in gradually increase in tensile strength of the waste rubber blends [ 28 ]. Furthermore, it was found that too much irradiation decreased the tensile properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Film and latex forms of silica-reinforced natural rubber composite vulcanized using electron beam irradiation

Reowdecha

Dittanet

Sae‐Oui³

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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A thorough study was undertaken of the synthesis of natural rubber-silica treated with bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane (NR/TSi) vulcanized using electron beam irradiation (EB) and sulfur by varying the EB dose. The surface treatment of silica was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. Composites were cast and vulcanized in film and latex forms compared with sulfur vulcanization. Investigation covered the mechanical properties, thermal stability, swelling resistance, and degradation under heat and humidity testing of the NR/TSi composites. It was found that the TSi had great dispersal in the NR matrix. TSi in NR matrix had a positive effect on mechanical properties, swelling in water and toluene, and thermal stability. Increasing the radiation intensity up to 250 kGy led to superior mechanical properties but for further increase in the radiation intensity, the tensile strength dropped. Degradation under thermal and humidity testing showed that the un-vulcanized composite had higher physical degradation than the vulcanized samples. Therefore, NR/TSi vulcanized using 200 kGy EB vulcanized in latex form had the greatest mechanical properties for various applications without producing any residual vulcanizing agent.

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Study of montmorillonite nanoparticles and electron beam irradiation interaction of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/de-vulcanized waste rubber thermoplastic composites

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Evaluation of different mechanical recycling methods of EVA foam waste

Evaluation of different mechanical recycling methods of EVA foam waste

Ethylene-vinyl acetate detector exposed to gamma radiation and evaluated via principal component regression

Film and latex forms of silica-reinforced natural rubber composite vulcanized using electron beam irradiation

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