Study of movement disorders and brain iron by MR

Rutledge, J. Neal; Hilal, Sadek K.; Silver, A J; Defendini, Richard; Fahn, Stanley

doi:10.2214/ajr.149.2.365

Cited by 121 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hill and Switzer [24] demonstrated the distribution of iron was overlapped with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), enkephalin and lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in the rat brain. The increase of iron concentration in the brain was also detected in several neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Shy-drager syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and abnormal movement disorders [15,21,33,35]. It was widely accepted that iron generated oxygen free radicals, resulted in neurological cell death [32,36] and also disturbance of neuronal functions in human with age advanced [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Kimotsuki

Nagaoka

Yasuda

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Age-associated changes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the brain were evaluated in 19 beagle dogs aged from 8-month-to 16-year-old. A significant correlation of the volume of lateral ventricle space was observed in the dogs with age advanced, however, no correlation was found between hippocampus size and the aging. The hypo-intensity areas on T2-weighted MRI were detected in globus pallidus and substantia nigra with a significant correlation of both intensity ratios to lateral ventricle with age advanced. These areas were coincided with the accumulation of iron in the slice of the brain with Perls' staining. In addition, hyperintensity area, suggesting perivascular demyelination with fluid-filled space, was also observed in white matter surrounding the lateral ventricle on T2-weighted MRI. These results suggested that age-associated changes of T2-weighted MRI were developed in the dog brain, especially in globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and white matter surrounding lateral ventricle, like as those reported in the human brain KEY WORDS: age-associated change, brain, canine, hypo-and hyper-intensity, MRI.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(10): 961-967, 2005 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used as a noninvasive and useful diagnostic technique for evaluating age related brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and dementia, indicating severe atrophy of the brain, hippocampus, amygdala, and temporal lobe, gray matter, and dilatation of ventricle space, and cortical sulci, [9,17,26,28,34]. However, age-associated similar changes of MRI was also observed in the clinically healthy human brain, indicating brain atrophy, dilatation of ventricle space and cortical sulci, hypo-intensity area in globus pallidus and substantia nigra, and hyper-intensity area in white matter [7,16,20,31]. In addition, age-associated pathological changes of the brain, including developments of senile plaque, decrease number of neuronal cell, deposit of lipofuscin, and activation of astrocyte, have also been well documented [8,12,23,38]. Therefore, it is necessary for diagnose of age related degenerative diseases to evaluate age-associated changes in the brain. Various age-associated changes were detected in aged dogs with occasionally abnormal behaviors [4,6,10,27,30], like as those reported in human [13]. Although MRI has been applied in veterinary clinics and experimental medicine, several reports were on clinical cases and few reports on age-associated changes in the dog brain [5,37]. This study deals with ageassociated changes in MRI on the brain, especially lateral ventricle space, hippocampus size, and hypo-and hyperintensity area, in beagle dogs with age advanced. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals:Clinically healthy 19 beagle dogs (8 male and 11 female), aged from 8-month-to 16-year-old, were used. All the dogs were bred, reared, and kept in Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd. under the condition of circumstance temperature at 22 ± 2°C. The air extraction was designed to be 10...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Kimotsuki

Nagaoka

Yasuda

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Only certain metallic elements of biomolecules, such as highly paramagnetic iron, have unpaired electrons that are very selectively deposited in cerebral structures (24). Thus, QSM is sensitive in the depiction of brain structures with iron deposition, such as the STN or GPi (9,25).…”

Section: Neuroradiology: Improved Subthalamic Nucleus Depiction Liu Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Subthalamic Nucleus Depiction with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

Liu

Eskreis‐Winkler²,

Schweitzer³

et al. 2013

Radiology

121

129

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Purpose:To assess quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in the depiction of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) by using 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods:This study was HIPAA compliant and institutional review board approved. Ten healthy subjects (five men, five women; mean age, 24 years 6 3 [standard deviation]; age range, 21-33 years) and eight patients with Parkinson disease (five men, three women; mean age, 57 years 6 14; age range, 25-69 years) who were referred by neurologists for preoperative navigation MR imaging prior to deep brain stimulator placement were included in this study. T2-weighted (T2w), T2*-weighted (T2*w), R2* mapping (R2*), phase, susceptibility-weighted (SW), and QSM images were reconstructed for STN depiction. Qualitative visualization scores of STN and internal globus pallidus (GPi) were recorded by two neuroradiologists on all images. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of the STN and GPi were also measured. Measurement differences were assessed by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the signed rank test. Results:Qualitative scores were significantly higher on QSM images than on T2w, T2*w, R2*, phase, or SW images (P , .05) for STN and GPi visualization. Median CNR was 6.4 and 10.7 times higher on QSM images than on T2w images for differentiation of STN from the zona incerta and substantia nigra, respectively, and was 22.7 and 9.1 times higher on QSM images than on T2w images for differentiation of GPi from the internal capsule and external globus pallidus, respectively. CNR differences between QSM images and all other images were significant (P , .01). Conclusion:QSM at 3-T MR imaging performs significantly better than current standard-of-care sequences in the depiction of the STN.q RSNA, 2013Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup /suppl

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“…22,23 Iron, which has ferromagnetic properties and is excessively deposited in the substantia nigra of patients with PD, led many to believe that this could potentially be an imaging marker of the disease, especially with T2/T2* imaging. [24][25][26] In addition, more advanced MR imaging techniques have been evaluated, such as SWI 27,28 and magnetic transfer imaging. 29,30 One limitation of iron-based imaging is that it is nonspecific and may be seen in myriad normal or non-PD patients with parkinsonism.…”

Section: What Is the Role Of Imaging In Pd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Parkinson Disease

Ben-David

2014

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Study of movement disorders and brain iron by MR

Cited by 121 publications

References 13 publications

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Improved Subthalamic Nucleus Depiction with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

Genetics of Parkinson Disease

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