Study of nesting induced scatter of permeability values in layered reinforcement fabrics

Hoes, Kris; Dinescu, Daniela; Sol, Hugo; Parnas, Richard S.; Lomov, Stepan Vladimirovitch

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.05.004

Cited by 86 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…But in the case where the layers shift and come closer to each other, the nesting factor will be less than one and the thickness of the stack will be smaller than the sum of the thickness of the individual layers such that a lower nesting factor indicates more efficient nesting. Nesting of layers in a multilayer stack is an important phenomenon which not only effect the stack thickness [26] but also effect the resin permeability during composite manufacturing [30] and mode 1 fracture toughness [33]. Based upon these facts the quantification of nesting is important.…”

Section: Nesting Of Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resin permeability through fabrics due to the nesting effect has been studied by various researchers [27][28][29]. It was observed by Hoes et al that nesting is a major source of variation in experimentally determined permeability values [30]. The nesting of layers has been studied in terms of a nesting factor [31] and a nesting coefficient [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Tow Architecture on Compaction and Nesting in Textile Preforms

2016

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Transverse compression response of tows during processes such as vacuum infusion or autoclave curing has significant influence on resin permeability in fabrics as well as the laminate thickness, fibre volume fraction and tow orientations in the finished composite. This paper reports macro -scale deformations in dry fibre assemblies due to transverse compaction. In this study, influence of weave geometry and the presence of interlacements or stitches on the ply-level compaction as well as nesting have been investigated. 2D woven fabrics with a variety of interlacement patterns -plain, twill and sateen-as well as stitched Non-crimp (NCF) fabrics have been investigated for macro-level deformations. Compression response of single layer and multilayer stacks has been studied as a function of external pressure in order to establish nesting behaviour. It appears that the degree of individual ply compaction and degree of nesting between the plies are influenced by tow architectures. Inter-tow spacing and stitching thread thickness appears to influence the degree of nesting in non-crimp fabrics.

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Section: Nesting Of Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Tow Architecture on Compaction and Nesting in Textile Preforms

2016

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“…In the case of random nesting, six example lay-ups were generated for each shear history, and average permeabilities and standard deviations were determined. The data indicate that, in addition to the effect of nesting, which was discussed by Hoes et al, 19 the fabric history has a significant effect on the permeability. Computed permeabilities are higher for random nesting than for zero nesting, reflecting different geometries of flow channels forming in the lay-up.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effect of specimen history on structure and in-plane permeability of woven fabrics

Endruweit

Zeng

Long

2014

Journal of Composite Materials

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Before being processed into composites, reinforcement fabrics may undergo repeated involuntary deformation, the complete sequence of which is here referred to as speci men history. To mimic its effect, fabric specimens were subjected to sequences of defined shear operations. For single fabric layers with unconstrained thickness, quantitative evaluation of photographic image data indicated that repeated shear deformation results in a residual increase in inter-yarn gap width. This translates into an increase in measured fabric permeabilities in multi-layer lay-ups at given compaction levels. The extent of both interrelated effects increases with increasing yarn density in the fabric and with increasing maximum angle in the shear history. Additional numerical permeability predictions indicated that the increase in permeability may be partially reversed by through-thickness fabric compression. The observations suggest that the effect of involuntary deformation of the fabric structure can result in variations in the principal permeability values by factors of up to 2.

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“…11,12 Compaction during mould closure and layer nesting will introduce additional variabilities and ultimately affect subsequent properties of a composite component. 13 It is known that different types of variability can affect the composite properties, but their characterisation is challenging. Composite variability is usually determined subsequent to manufacture of a component using either conventional optical microscopy of sample surfaces 14 or non-destructive microcomputed tomography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of mesoscale variability and geometrical reconstruction of a textile

Gommer

Brown

Brooks

2016

Journal of Composite Materials

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Automated image analysis of textile surfaces allowed determination and quantification of intrinsic yarn path variabilities in a 2/2 twill weave during the lay-up process. The yarn paths were described in terms of waves and it was found that the frequencies are similar in warp and weft directions and hardly affected by introduced yarn path deformations. The most significant source of fabric variability was introduced during handling before cutting. These resulting systematic deformations will need to be considered when designing or analysing a composite component. An automated method for three dimensional reconstruction of the analysed lay-up was implemented in TexGen which will allow virtual testing of components in the future.

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Study of nesting induced scatter of permeability values in layered reinforcement fabrics

Cited by 86 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of Tow Architecture on Compaction and Nesting in Textile Preforms

Influence of Tow Architecture on Compaction and Nesting in Textile Preforms

Effect of specimen history on structure and in-plane permeability of woven fabrics

Quantification of mesoscale variability and geometrical reconstruction of a textile

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