Study of Oral Candidiasis in HIV / AIDS Patients and Their Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern

Hodiwala, Anahita V. Bhesania; Kar, Harapriya; Singh, Abhishek

doi:10.14260/jemds/2021/76

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As observed in this study, HIV participants with CD4 + count ˂ 200 cells/µl had oral candidiasis prevalence of 60.2% while those with CD4 + counts in the range of 350-499 cells/µl had 6.1%, with a significant association (p=0.001) between oral candidiasis and CD4 + count. Our finding agrees with the reports of Ambe et al, (7), Berberi et al, (30), Holiwala et al, (31) and Erfaningejad et al, (32) who in their various studies reported significant associations between CD4 + cell count ˂ 200 cells/µl and high prevalence of oral candidiasis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Of the four antifungal agents tested in our study, nystatin (77.6%) was the most active in vitro while fluconazole (63.3%) and ketoconazole (63.3%) were the least active. This observation agrees with the results of Wang (7) and Hodiwala et al, (31), who in their separate studies reported nystatin as the most active antifungal agent against oral Candida isolates. In contrast, a research study in Cameroon (48) reported ketoconazole (85.5%) as the most active and nystatin (68.1%) as the least active of the ten antifungal drugs tested.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The isolation of C. albicans as the most prevalent species may be associated with its many pathogenic factors (32), and its ability to cause infection with low colony count (12). The high prevalence of C. albicans in our study agrees with the results of other researchers (7,31,37,40,41) but higher prevalence of ≥ 80% has been reported in South Africa (42), Ghana (28) and Ivory Coast (36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern of oral candidiasis among HIV-infected patients in a Mission Hospital, southeast Nigeria

Ekwealor,

Nweke,

Anaukwu

et al. 2023

Af J Clin Exp Micro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Oral candidiasis is an infection that follows colonization of oral cavity by Candida species mostly Candida albicans. About 90% of HIV-infected persons develop this disease during the course of HIV infection and could serve as early sign of HIV-related immunodeficiency. Treatment involves the use of antifungal drugs. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of oral candidiasis and the susceptibility of isolated Candida species to available antifungal agents among selected HIV-infected patients in a mission hospital, southeast Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 150 consecutively selected HIV-infected patients attending the Heart-to-Heart clinic of Iyi-Enu mission hospital Ogidi, Anambra State, Nigeria, between December 2022 and February 2023. Demographic information of each participant was obtained using structured questionnaire. Five milliliters of whole blood were drawn from the antecubital vein of each participant for CD4+ estimation. Mouth specimens were collected using two sterile cotton swabs for microscopy and culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, and Candida species were identified after subculture on CHROMAgar. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using fluconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin disks, and results interpreted according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: A total of 98 (65.3%) HIV-infected participants were positive for oral candidiasis, with 4 species of Candida isolated; Candida albicans (62.2%), Candida glabrata (18.4%), Candida tropicalis (12.2%) and Candida krusei (7.1%). Fifty-nine (60.2%) of the 98 participants had CD4+ cell count ˂ 200, 33 (33.7%) had counts in the range of 200-399, and 6 (6.1%) had counts in the range of 400-499 cells/μL (p=0.001). The prevalence of candi- diasis was not significantly different between the female (67.0%, 65/97) and male (62.3%, 33/53) participants (p=0.6598), but the prevalence was significantly higher (p<0.05) in participants age group 21-30 years (80.7%, 42/52), divorced (100%, 1/1) and married (75%, 45/60), those with primary school level education (73.7%, 42/57), civil servants (85.7%, 18/21), and those who performed mouth hygiene once daily (71.9%, 69/96). Nystatin (77.6%, 76/98) showed the highest while fluconazole and ketoconazole (68.4%, 62/98) showed the lowest in vitro antifungal activity Conclusion: Oral candidiasis is prevalent among HIV-infected patients in the study population, with evidence of in vitro resistance of the Candida isolates to available antifungal drugs. Proper diagnosis, susceptibility testing and treatment of infection will be helpful in managing oral candidiasis infection among HIV infected patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern of oral candidiasis among HIV-infected patients in a Mission Hospital, southeast Nigeria

Ekwealor,

Nweke,

Anaukwu

et al. 2023

Af J Clin Exp Micro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Candida albicans was the most prevalent species in both groups, found in 44.8% (30/67) of the HAART group and 45.5% (15/33) of the non-HAART group. This prevalence is consistent with the study by Hodiwala et al [ 18 ] and Chaudhary et al [ 20 ] and a study by Njunda et al [ 21 ], which also reported Candida albicans as the dominant species in HIV-seropositive patients. The presence of other species such as Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis suggests a diverse fungal flora in HIV-seropositive patients [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The gender distribution in our study, with a higher proportion of males in both HAART and non-HAART groups, raises questions about potential gender disparities in HAART utilization, this observation is consistent with patterns reported in the study done by Hodiwala et al [ 18 ] indicating a need for further investigation into the underlying causes of this disparity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changing Paradigm of Yeast Isolates in HIV-Seropositive Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC)

Arun,

Kumar,

Prasad

et al. 2024

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a common fungal infection in HIV-seropositive patients. Understanding the spectrum of yeast isolates and their antifungal susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective management. This study aimed to determine the yeast isolates, antifungal susceptibility patterns, and associated factors in HIV-seropositive patients with OPC. Material and methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 350 HIV-seropositive patients attending an Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, Bihar. Yeast isolates from oropharyngeal lesions were identified, and their antifungal susceptibility was determined by automated method VITEK 2. Demographic characteristics, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) status, and CD4+ cell count categories were analyzed for associations. Results This study of 350 HIV-seropositive patients revealed that 100 tested positive for Candida , with distinct differences between HAART (n=67) and non-HAART (n=33) groups. HAART patients had a younger age distribution and higher median CD4+ cell counts (350 vs. 250 cells/mm³, U = 175, p < 0.05) compared to non-HAART patients. Candida albicans was the most common species in both groups, but significant variations in species distribution (χ² = 9.23, p < 0.05) and antifungal susceptibility were noted. Specifically, susceptibility differences were significant for flucytosine (χ² = 7.21, p = 0.027) and voriconazole (χ² = 8.64, p = 0.013), emphasizing the influence of HAART on managing immune function and antifungal resistance in HIV patients. Conclusion This study provides insights into the spectrum of yeast isolates and their antifungal susceptibility patterns in HIV-seropositive patients with OPC. The findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple factors, such as Candida species, HAART status, and individual patient characteristics, in treatment decisions. The results will aid in the development of evidence-based management protocols for this vulnerable population. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors influencing antifungal susceptibility and optimize treatment strategies for this patient population.

show abstract

Study of Oral Candidiasis in HIV / AIDS Patients and Their Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern of oral candidiasis among HIV-infected patients in a Mission Hospital, southeast Nigeria

Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern of oral candidiasis among HIV-infected patients in a Mission Hospital, southeast Nigeria

Changing Paradigm of Yeast Isolates in HIV-Seropositive Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About