Study of Oxidative Stress and Histo-Biochemical Biomarkers of Diethyl Phthalate Induced Toxicity in a Cultureable Fish, Labeo rohita

Abstract

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a widely used low-molecular weight phthalate which is ubiquitously detected in almost all kind of the environmental matrices. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of DEP-induced toxicity on a suite of biomarker responses in Labeo rohita (rohu). The median lethal concentration of DEP was found to be 4.38 mg L-1 for 96 h. Fingerlings were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of DEP i.e. 0.51 mg L-1 (1/10 th LC50) for a period of 21 day of the experiment. Oxidative stress and histo-biochemical biomarkers were studied using gills, liver, kidney and brain tissues on 7, 14 and 21 day. The results indicated that DEP-exposure has damaged the antioxidant status by inhibiting the activities of enzymatic stress markers (catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione) in all the studied tissues of rohu throughout the study period. Moreover, a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation was observed in all the studied tissues in a time-dependent manner. The levels of hepatic-nephric biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, Urea and Creatinine) were found to be significantly elevated for DEP-exposed rohu when compared to control (P<0.05) throughout the study period. The histopathological marker showed severe lesions in the gills (hypertrophy, fusion and curling of lamellae,), liver (pyknotic nuclei, leukocytes infiltration and vacuolization) and kidney tissues (glomerulus expansion, narrowing and elongation of renal tubules) of DEP-exposed rohu. In conclusion, the above mentioned histo-biochemical parameters could be used as biomarkers for DEP toxicity monitoring in the aquatic ecosystem.

Bisphenol-A induced antioxidants imbalance and cytokines alteration leading to immune suppression during larval development of Labeo rohita

“…SOD is another important antioxidant which works in coordination with catalase. Glutathione peroxidase is another important antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydroperoxides and maintains the balance between oxidants and antioxidants (Latif et al 2020). The decreased activities of antioxidants may be due to the overwhelming production of free radicals.…”

“…The inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium was recorded at 540 nm after addition of enzyme source. Glutathione peroxidase was measured by using the method of Mohandas et al as described by Latif et al (2020). Protein was estimated by using Bradford reagent as described by He (2011) with bovine serum albumin as standard.…”

Dietary Black Seed Effects on Growth Performance, Proximate Composition, Antioxidant and Histo-Biochemical Parameters of a Culturable Fish, Rohu (Labeo rohita)

“…Several environmental stressors are responsible for production of intracellular reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress in fish, which is indicated by the loss of its antioxidant enzymes activities [ 36 ]. There are several types of synthetic antioxidants used as feed additives [ 50 ] (pp.…”

“…The absorbance of supernatant was recorded at 532 nm and values were expressed as nmole of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formed per gram of tissue. The biochemical analysis for estimating the tissue antioxidant enzymes activities, catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), was performed using PMS [ 36 ].…”

“…The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by recording absorbance of reaction mixture (0.1 M phosphate buffer (1 mL), 10 Mm DTNB (1 mL) and 1 mL of PMS) at 412 nm and values were expressed as nmol GSH/gram of tissue. The protein contents were estimated using Bradford reagent with bovine serum albumin as standard [ 36 ].…”